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Defence & Security: Indigenization & Hardwares PYQ.

UPSC Prelims previous year questions on Indigenization & Hardwares (Defence & Security) — real questions with answers and explanations.

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2026Multi-statement (Traditional Style)Indigenization & Hardwares

Which of the following items of defence hardware is/are manufactured in India? 1. Su-30 MKI Fighter Jets 2. T-90 MK-III Tanks 3. Akula Class Submarine Select the answer using the code given below :

A.1 and 2
B.1 and 3
C.1 only
D.2 only
Explanation: * Statement 1 is correct: Su-30 MKI multirole air superiority fighters are actively manufactured in India under a licensed production agreement by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL). * Statement 2 is correct: T-90 main battle tanks (Bhishma tanks) are produced in India at the Heavy Vehicles Factory in Avadi under a technology transfer agreement with Russia. * Statement 3 is incorrect: Akula-class nuclear-powered attack submarines are not manufactured in India. They are leased from Russia and operated by the Indian Navy under the name INS Chakra. * Therefore, only 1 and 2 are manufactured domestically.
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