Question 1

Consider the following statements with reference to India's response to climate change:
I. India's Long-Term Low Emission Development Strategy (LT-LEDS) is a crucial tool for achieving net-zero emissions by 2070.
II. India's 4th Biennial Update Report (BUR-4) submitted in December, 2024 recorded around 8% decrease in Greenhouse gas emissions in 2020 over 2019.
III. Climate-resilient development necessarily depends on quick and short-term achievement of emission reduction targets.
Which of the following relationships among the above statements is/are correct?
1. Statement I is empirically supported by statement II.
2. Statement III contradicts the approach implicit in statement I.
3. Statement I and statement III together establish the premise of long-term sustainability.

Accepted Answer

1 only. * Relationship 1 is correct: Statement I defines India's long-term plan to achieve net-zero by 2070, and Statement II empirically tracks this reduction pathway (India's BUR-4 reported a 7.93% drop in GHG emissions in 2020 compared to 2019). * Relationship 2 is correct: Statement III demands quick, short-term reduction mandates, which directly contradicts the systematic, mid-to-late century phasing implicit in a Long-Term Low Emission Strategy (LT-LEDS). * Relationship 3 is incorrect: Statement III's short-term focus does not build the core foundation for long-term sustainability, which favors structured transitions over disruptive short-term mandates.

Question 2

Which of the following is/are the most significant implication(s) of obtaining Oeko-Tex certification for Eri Silk in the global textile industry?
1. It allows Indian exporters to compete in high-end markets that prioritise chemical-free products.
2. It confirms that Eri Silk meets international safety, environmental, and quality standards, enabling its entry into premium eco-conscious markets.
Select the answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

2 only. * Both statements are correct: The OEKO-TEX STANDARD 100 is a globally recognized certification indicating that a textile product has been tested and cleared of harmful substances. Achieving this certification for Indian Eri Silk confirms compliance with stringent global safety and environmental metrics, allowing Indian exporters to tap into premium, eco-conscious, high-end global textile markets.

Question 3

With reference to Madhav National Park, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. It was declared a Tiger Reserve in India in 2025.
2. Sakhya Sagar, which is designated as a Ramsar Site, is situated within this National Park.
3. Its area is shared between Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.
Select the answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

1 only. * Statement 1 is correct: Madhav National Park, situated near Shivpuri town in Madhya Pradesh, was officially notified as India's 58th Tiger Reserve. * Statement 2 is correct: Sakhya Sagar, a reservoir situated within the boundaries of this National Park, was designated as a Ramsar wetland site in 2022. * Statement 3 is incorrect: Madhav National Park is entirely located within the state of Madhya Pradesh; its area is not shared with Rajasthan.

Question 4

Which of the following statements in relation to NIRANTAR (National Institute for Research and Application of Natural Resources to Transform, Adapt and Build Resilience), a platform of institutions under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, is/are correct?
1. Ecosystem Survey and Analysis is a vertical under this platform, the lead institute of which is Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata.
2. Research and Management of Ecosystem Service is a vertical under this platform, the lead institute of which is Central Zoo Authority, New Delhi.
3. Capacity Development Support is a vertical under this platform, the lead institute of which is Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bhopal.
Select the answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

2 only. * NIRANTAR is a newly established platform meant to optimize synergy, collaboration, and resource-sharing among existing institutes of the Environment Ministry without setting up new physical structures. * Statements 1 & 2 are incorrect: The designated lead institute for both the "Ecosystem Survey and Analysis" vertical and the "Research and Management of Ecosystem Service" vertical is ICFRE, Dehradun (not BSI or CZA). * Statement 3 is correct: The lead institute handling the "Capacity Development Support" vertical is the Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM), Bhopal.

Question 5

Which organization has enacted the Nature Restoration Law (NRL) to tackle climate change and biodiversity loss?

Accepted Answer

The European Union. * (a) The European Union is correct: The European Union officially enacted the continent-wide Nature Restoration Law, which came into force in August 2024. * The law establishes legally binding targets requiring member states to restore at least 20% of the EU's degraded land and sea areas by 2030, and all ecosystems in need of recovery by 2050.

Question 6

The World Bank warned that India could become one of the first places where wet-bulb temperatures routinely exceed 35°C. Which of the following statements best reflect(s) the implication of the above-said report?
I. Peninsular India will most likely suffer from flooding, tropical cyclones and droughts.
II. The survival of animals including humans will be affected as shedding of their body heat through perspiration becomes difficult.

Accepted Answer

II only. * Both statements reflect the findings and implications of the climate risk report. * Statement II is correct: When wet-bulb temperatures cross 35°C, high humidity prevents sweat from evaporating efficiently, making it extremely difficult for humans and animals to shed internal body heat via perspiration, severely threatening basic survival. * Statement I is correct: This extreme heat stress is coupled with increased precipitation anomalies, escalating the risks of severe monsoon flooding, frequent tropical cyclones, and deep droughts across Peninsular India.

Question 7

Consider the following statements about 'PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana':
I. It targets installation of one crore solar rooftop panels in the residential sector.
II. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy aims to impart training on installation, operation, maintenance and repairs of solar rooftop systems at grassroot levels.
III. It aims to create more than three lakhs skilled manpower through fresh skilling, and up-skilling, under scheme component of capacity building.

Accepted Answer

II and III only. * All three statements are correct: * Statement I is correct: Approved in early 2024, the PM Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana is a domestic rooftop solar initiative aiming to supply clean solar power to one crore residential households by March 2027. * Statement II is correct: The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) runs targeted grassroots training programs covering the configuration, installation, daily operation, maintenance, and field repair of solar setups to establish a local, specialized technical workforce. * Statement III is correct: The scheme's capacity-building framework intends to train and up-skill over 3 lakh individuals across the sector, ensuring that at least 1,000,000 are certified specifically as Solar PV Technicians.

Question 8

One of the following regions has the world's largest tropical peatland, which holds about three years worth of global carbon emissions from fossil fuels; and the possible destruction of which can exert detrimental effect on the global climate.

Which one of the following denotes that region?

Accepted Answer

Amazon Basin. * (b) Congo Basin is correct: According to environmental assessments released by the UNEP, the peat swamp forests of the Congo Basin house the world's largest contiguous tropical peatland system. This unique ecosystem sequester and stores roughly 29 billion tons of carbon—an immense amount equivalent to three years' worth of global greenhouse gas emissions, making its preservation vital for global climate stability.

Question 9

Consider the following statements:
Statement-I: The Indian Flying Fox is placed under the "vermin" category in the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972.
Statement-II: The Indian Flying Fox feeds on the blood of other animals.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Accepted Answer

Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I. * Statement I is correct: The Indian Flying Fox (Pteropus giganteus), a large fruit-eating bat, was historically placed under the "vermin" category in Schedule V of the original Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, due to its tendency to raid commercial fruit orchards. (Note: Recent amendments shifted it to Schedule II to confer a higher degree of protection). * Statement II is incorrect: The Indian Flying Fox is frugivorous and nectarivorous; it feeds exclusively on ripe fruits (such as mangoes and guavas) and floral nectar, not on the blood of other animals.

Question 10

Which one of the following is the correct description of "100 Million Farmers"?

Accepted Answer

It is a platform for accelerating the transition towards food and water systems that are net-zero (carbon), nature-positive and that aims to increase farmer resilience.. * (a) is correct: "100 Million Farmers" is a global multi-stakeholder platform launched under the aegis of the World Economic Forum (WEF). It brings together public and private sector leaders to position food producers at the center of the global ecological agenda, accelerating collective action to transition toward climate-smart, nature-positive, net-zero carbon agricultural practices while building farmer resilience.

Question 11

Consider the following materials:
1. Agricultural residues
2. Corn grain
3. Wastewater treatment sludge
4. Wood mill waste

Which of the above can be used as feedstock for producing Sustainable Aviation Fuel?

Accepted Answer

3 and 4 only. * All items can be used: Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) is synthesized using non-petroleum-based renewable biomass and organic waste streams. * Permissible organic feedstocks encompass agricultural residues (1), grains like corn (2), wet organic municipal wastes such as wastewater treatment sludge (3), forestry residues, and industrial wood mill waste (4).

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