Question 1

Consider the following statements about Raja Ram Mohan Roy:
I. He possessed great love and respect for the traditional philosophical systems of the East.
II. He desired his countrymen to accept the rational and scientific approach and the principle of human dignity and social equality of all men and women.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Accepted Answer

II only. * Statement I is correct: Raja Ram Mohan Roy, often called the "Father of the Indian Renaissance," possessed a deep love and respect for the traditional philosophical systems of the East, notably setting up the Atmiya Sabha to propagate the monotheistic ideals of the Vedanta. * Statement II is correct: At the same time, he strongly advocated for his countrymen to accept a rational and scientific approach, pushing for the synthesis of Eastern and Western thought, modern education, and the values of human dignity and social equality for all men and women. Therefore, both statements are correct.

Question 2

Consider the following subjects with regard to Non-Cooperation Programme:
I. Boycott of law-courts and foreign cloth
II. Observance of strict non-violence
III. Retention of titles and honours without using them in public
IV. Establishment of Panchayats for settling disputes

How many of the above were parts of Non-Cooperation Programme?

Accepted Answer

Only two. * Item I is correct: The boycott of foreign-made cloth and colonial law-courts formed primary tactical features of the movement launched in 1920. * Item II is correct: Maintaining absolute non-violence was an foundational baseline requirement prescribed by Mahatma Gandhi for the operational execution of the struggle. * Item III is incorrect: The program called for the complete surrender and surrender of all titles and honorary positions received from the colonial government, not their retention. * Item IV is correct: Setting up alternative national schools, colleges, and private village panchayat courts to settle civil disputes locally was a central element of the constructive program. * Therefore, exactly three of the subjects listed were active components.

Question 3

Consider the following statements in respect of the Non-Cooperation Movement:
I. The Congress declared the attainment of 'Swaraj' by all legitimate and peaceful means to be its objective.
II. It was to be implemented in stages with civil disobedience and non-payment of taxes for the next stage only if 'Swaraj' did not come within a year and the Government resorted to repression.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Accepted Answer

II only. * Both statements are correct: In December 1920, at the regular annual session of the Congress in Nagpur, the resolution of the Non-Cooperation Movement (NCM) was officially adopted. * Gandhiji declared that if within a year Swaraj is not achieved or if the government resorted to suppression, a civil disobedience movement along with the non-payment of taxes would be launched as the next stage.

Question 4

"Sedition has become my religion" was the famous statement given by Gandhiji at the time of:

Accepted Answer

the Champaran Satyagraha. * (b) publicly violating Salt Law at Dandi is correct: On 6th April 1930, Mahatma Gandhi completed the Dandi March by lifting a handful of salt to break the salt law as a symbol of defiance against British rule. * Upon breaking the law, Gandhi openly declared: "The British rule in India has brought about moral, material, cultural and spiritual ruination... I regard this rule as a curse. I am ought to destroy this system of Government.... Sedition has become my religion."

Question 5

Who provided legal defence to the people arrested in the aftermath of Chauri Chaura incident?

Accepted Answer

C. R. Das. * (b) Madan Mohan Malaviya and Krishna Kant is correct: Following the Chauri Chaura clash in 1922, 225 people were brought to trial on serious charges of rioting and arson. * Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya, a brilliant legal mind who had previously stepped away from his active law practice for politics, returned to the courtroom to provide legal defense for the accused. Following an 8-month trial where 172 people were initially handed death sentences, his defense managed to secure the complete acquittal of 153 individuals.

Question 6

Subsequent to which one of the following events, Gandhiji, who consistently opposed untouchability and appealed for its eradication from all spheres, decided to include the upliftment of 'Harijans' in his political and social programme?

Accepted Answer

The Poona Pact. * (a) The Poona Pact is correct: In September 1932, Mahatma Gandhi went on a fast unto death inside Yerwada Jail to oppose the communal award of separate electorates for the Depressed Classes. This led to the signing of the Poona Pact, creating reserved seats under a unified joint Hindu electorate. * Following the accord, Gandhi launched a major social transformation campaign, renaming the Depressed Classes as 'Harijans' ("Children of God"). He established the Anti-Untouchability League (later renamed the Harijan Sevak Sangh) and launched the weekly publication Harijan in 1933, embedding this reform into his core socio-political program.

Question 7

Consider the following fruits:
I. Papaya
II. Pineapple
III. Guava

How many of the above were introduced in India by the Portuguese in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

Accepted Answer

Only two. * All three fruits were introduced: The arrival of Portuguese traders along Indian shores in the late 15th and 16th centuries acted as a major catalyst for the global exchange of agricultural items from the Americas (the New World). * Item I (Papaya) was introduced by the Portuguese via trading routes crossing Malacca and the Philippines, noted by travelers in Daman by 1623. * Item II (Pineapple) was brought from Brazil by Portuguese sailors during the 16th century, and is explicitly documented in Abul Fazl's Ain-i-Akbari in the 1590s under the traveler's moniker Kathal-i-Safari. * Item III (Guava) was similarly introduced into Indian soil and food culture via Portuguese maritime logistics during this era. * Therefore, all three fruits are valid historical introductions.

Question 8

Who among the following was the founder of the 'Self-Respect Movement'?

Accepted Answer

Periyar' E. V. Ramaswamy Naicker. * (a) 'Periyar' E. V. Ramaswamy Naicker is correct: He was a radical social reformer from Tamil Nadu who founded the Self-Respect Movement in 1925. * The movement sought to empower non-Brahmins, advocate for gender equality, challenge Brahminical dominance, and oppose religious orthodoxy in South India.

Modern Indian History: 2025 PYQ.

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