Question 1

Identify the river of the Indian sub-continent on the basis of the following information:
1. It has an antecedent drainage system.
2. It flows through three countries.
3. It originates in the Tibetan Plateau and is an important river for irrigation.
4. It does not form distributaries.
Select the answer from the following:

Accepted Answer

Indus. * Sutlej River: The Sutlej is an antecedent river that originates in the "Raksas tal" near Mansarovar lake in Tibet (where it is known as the Langchen Khambab). It flows through three countries (China/Tibet, India, and Pakistan) and enters the Punjab plains via the Shipki La pass. * It serves as a vital irrigation source feeding major networks like the Bhakra Nangal project. Unlike deltaic main rivers like the Brahmaputra, the Sutlej operates as a tributary joining the Indus river system, meaning it does not branch into coastal distributaries.

Question 2

Which of the following with reference to Indian States is/are not correct?
1. Uttar Pradesh shares its boundary with the highest number of other Indian States.
2. Rajasthan shares the longest international border among all Indian States.
3. Sikkim is the only State that shares its boundary with just one other Indian State.
Select the answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

1 and 2. * Statement 2 is incorrect: West Bengal, not Rajasthan, shares the longest international border among Indian states (sharing ~2,217 km with Bangladesh, whereas Rajasthan's border with Pakistan is ~1,070 km). * Statement 3 is incorrect: Sikkim is not the only state bordering just one other state; Meghalaya also shares its land border with only one Indian state (Assam). * Since the question asks for statements that are NOT correct, the answer is (c) 2 and 3.

Question 3

With reference to the climate of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. The climate can be defined as a humid, tropical coastal climate.
2. It receives rainfall from both South-west monsoon and North-east monsoon.
3. Maximum precipitation is between December and May.
Select the answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

1 only. * Statement 1 is correct: The islands feature an equatorial, humid tropical coastal climate with warm temperatures year-round. * Statement 2 is correct: The Andaman and Nicobar Islands experience two distinct monsoon phases—receiving heavy rainfall from both the Southwest Monsoon (June to September) and the Northeast Monsoon (October to December). * Statement 3 is incorrect: Maximum precipitation is received during the Southwest Monsoon period, not between December and May.

Question 4

Which of the following geographical features or phenomena is/are associated with the Peninsular Block of India?
1. Submergence of parts of the western coast due to tectonic activity
2. Presence of residual mountain ranges such as the Veliconda hills and Mahendragiri hills
3. Deep, V-shaped river valleys formed by fast-flowing rivers
Select the answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

1 only. * Statement 1 is correct: Since the Cambrian period, the Peninsular block has stood as a rigid block, with the exception of parts of its western coast which submerged beneath the sea due to vertical tectonic movements and block faulting. * Statement 2 is correct: The Peninsula consists mostly of relict and residual mountains, such as the Veliconda hills, Mahendragiri hills, Nallamala hills, Javadi hills, and the Palkonda range. * Statement 3 is incorrect: Deep, V-shaped river valleys are formed by the youthful, fast-flowing rivers of the Himalayas. River valleys in the older Peninsular Block are shallow with low gradients.

Question 5

Consider the following statements about river bridges connecting India with neighbouring countries:
1. 'Maitri Setu', built over Feni river, connects Ramgarh in India with Sabroom in Bangladesh.
2. Jhulaghat suspension bridge connects India with Myanmar.
3. Mechi bridge and its approaches connect Panitanki Bypass in India with Kakarvitta in Nepal.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Accepted Answer

1 only. * Statement 1 is incorrect: The 1.9-km Maitri Setu bridge over the Feni River connects Sabroom in Tripura (India) with Ramgarh in Bangladesh, not the other way around. * Statement 2 is incorrect: The Jhulaghat suspension bridge over the Kali River connects India (Uttarakhand) with Nepal, not Myanmar. * Statement 3 is correct: The Mechi Bridge is a key trade infrastructure project built over the Mechi River, connecting the Panitanki Bypass in West Bengal (India) to Kakarvitta in Nepal along Asian Highway 02.

Question 6

Which of the following connectivity projects is/are a part of cooperation between India and the ASEAN member countries?
1. Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project
2. IMT Trilateral Highway
3. Agartala-Akhaura Rail Line
Select the answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

1 and 2. * Project 1 is correct: The Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit project connects Kolkata port with Sittwe port in Myanmar, which serves as India's land gateway to the ASEAN bloc. * Project 2 is correct: The India-Myanmar-Thailand (IMT) Trilateral Highway directly strengthens land transport infrastructure linking India with ASEAN member states. * Project 3 is incorrect: The Agartala-Akhaura Rail Line links India with Bangladesh. Because Bangladesh is not an ASEAN member, this project does not fall under India-ASEAN cooperation frameworks.

Question 7

Which of the following countries are members of the European Union?
1. Belarus
2. Poland
3. Germany
4. Switzerland
Select the answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

1 and 4 only. * Belarus (1) is not a member: It holds close political and strategic alignment with Russia instead. * Poland (2) is a member: It joined the EU in 2004 during its major eastern enlargement. * Germany (3) is a member: It is one of the foundational members of the original European Economic Community (EEC) established in 1957. * Switzerland (4) is not a member: While it coordinates with the EU extensively through bilateral economic treaties, it is not an EU member state and belongs to the EFTA trade group instead. * Therefore, only 2 and 3 are members.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about Rare Earth Elements (REEs) and Critical Minerals is/are correct?
1. Modern technological innovations, including Artificial Intelligence, robotics and space exploration extensively utilise Rare Earth Elements (REEs).
2. China has the highest share in mining of REEs followed by India.
3. The Government of India launched the National Critical Mineral Mission (NCMM) in 2025 to establish a robust framework for self-reliance in the critical mineral sector.
4. Rare Earth Elements are a set of 17 metallic elements.
Select the answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

1 and 3 only. * Statement 1 is correct: REEs are critical to manufacturing high-performance magnets, microchips, and electronic sensors used in AI, advanced robotics, and space technology. * Statement 2 is incorrect: China holds the dominant share in global REE mining, but countries like the US or Australia rank next, not India. * Statement 3 is correct: India launched the NCMM in 2025 to scale up domestic exploration, regulate recycling, and support overseas asset acquisition to reduce reliance on mineral imports. * Statement 4 is incorrect: There are 17 Rare Earth Elements in total, comprising the 15 elements of the lanthanide series plus scandium and yttrium.

Question 9

Consider the following statements about turmeric during the year 2022-23:
I. India is the largest producer and exporter of turmeric in the world.
II. More than 30 varieties of turmeric are grown in India.
III. Maharashtra, Telangana, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu are major turmeric producing States in India.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Accepted Answer

I and III only. * Statement I is correct: India is the largest producer, consumer, and exporter of turmeric in the world, commanding over 62% of the global trade share. * Statement II is correct: India possesses rich agricultural diversity, with more than 30 distinct varieties of turmeric grown across the country. * Statement III is correct: Turmeric is cultivated in over 20 states, with Maharashtra, Telangana, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu acting as the dominant major producing hubs.

Question 10

Which of the following are the evidences of the phenomenon of continental drift?
I. The belt of ancient rocks from Brazil coast matches with those from Western Africa.
II. The gold deposits of Ghana are derived from the Brazil plateau when the two continents lay side by side.
III. The Gondwana system of sediments from India is known to have its counterparts in six different landmasses of the Southern Hemisphere.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Accepted Answer

I and II only. * Statement I is correct: Radiometric matching confirms that a 2,000-million-year-old belt of ancient rocks along the Brazilian coast correlates exactly with rock formations in Western Africa. * Statement II is correct: Thick glacial tillite found at the base of the Gondwana sedimentary sequence in India is mirrored perfectly across five other Southern Hemisphere landmasses (Africa, Falklands, Madagascar, Antarctica, Australia), indicating identical geological histories. * Statement III is correct: Ghana's coast holds rich gold placer deposits despite lacking local source rocks; these match the gold veins found in Brazil, proving the continents lay side-by-side when the gold was deposited.

Question 11

Which of the following is/are correct inference/inferences from isothermal maps in the month of January?
1. The isotherms deviate to the north over the ocean and to the south over the continent.
2. The presence of cold ocean currents, Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift make the North Atlantic Ocean colder and the isotherms bend towards the north.

Select the answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

1 only. * Inference 1 is correct: During January, isotherms in the Northern Hemisphere show clear latitudinal deviations, bending significantly northward (poleward) as they cross oceans and turning southward (equatorward) across cold continental interior landmasses. * Inference 2 is incorrect: The Gulf Stream and the North Atlantic Drift are warm ocean currents, not cold ones. Their presence makes the North Atlantic Ocean significantly warmer during winter, which is what causes the isotherms to bend sharply toward the north.

Question 12

With reference to the Himalayan rivers joining the Ganga downstream of Prayagraj from West to East, which one of the following sequences is correct?

Accepted Answer

Ghaghara - Gomati - Gandak - Kosi. * (b) is correct: Tracking the major geographic confluences where northern tributaries join the Ganga main channel sequentially from West to East yields the following layout: 1. The Gomati originates from Gomat Taal in Pilibhit, UP, and merges near Varanasi. 2. The Ghaghara originates from glaciers in Tibet and meets the Ganga at Chhapra, Bihar. 3. The Gandak flows out of the Nepal Himalayas to enter Champaran and joins at Sonpur near Patna. 4. The Kosi is an antecedent network draining eastern Nepal that joins the Ganga further east in the Katihar district of Bihar.

Question 13

With reference to "water vapour", which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. It is a gas, the amount of which decreases with altitude.
2. Its percentage is maximum at the poles.

Select the answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

1 only. * Statement 1 is correct: Water vapor acts as a highly variable atmospheric gas whose content decreases rapidly with increasing altitude within the troposphere. * Statement 2 is incorrect: The concentration of water vapor is determined by temperature and evaporation, reaching its maximum percentage (~4% by volume) in the warm, wet tropics near the equator, while dropping to less than 1% in dry, freezing polar or desert locations.

Question 14

Consider the following description:
1. Annual and daily range of temperatures is low.
2. Precipitation occurs throughout the year.
3. Precipitation varies between 50 cm 250 cm.

What is this type of climate?

Accepted Answer

Humid subtropical climate. * (d) Marine West coast climate is correct: Also referred to as the British type climate, this system is located in mid-latitude coastal zones under the permanent, continuous influence of the Westerlies. * It is characterized by small daily and annual temperature ranges due to the moderating influence of adjacent oceanic bodies. Frontal or cyclonic storms bring constant oceanic moisture, producing regular precipitation, light drizzle, and fog distributed throughout the year, with total rainfall varying between 50 cm and 250 cm.

Question 15

With reference to "Coriolis force", which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. It increases with increase in wind velocity.
2. It is maximum at the poles and is absent at the equator.

Select the answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

2 only. * Statement 1 is correct: The apparent deflection caused by the Earth's rotation is proportional to velocity; hence, the magnitude of the Coriolis deflection increases as wind velocity increases. * Statement 2 is correct: The Coriolis force is directly proportional to the sine of the latitude. It reaches its maximum intensity at the poles and is completely absent (zero) at the equator.

Question 16

On June 21 every year, which of the following latitude(s) experience(s) a sunlight of more than 12 hours?
1. Equator
2. Tropic of Cancer
3. Tropic of Capricorn
4. Arctic Circle

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

3 and 4. * On June 21 (the Summer Solstice), the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun, with solar rays falling directly over the Tropic of Cancer. * During this event, all locations in the Northern Hemisphere experience extended day lengths exceeding 12 hours, with daylight durations increasing latitudinally northward until reaching continuous 24-hour daylight beyond the Arctic Circle. * Therefore, the Tropic of Cancer (2) and the Arctic Circle (4) experience more than 12 hours of sunlight. (The Equator experiences exactly 12 hours, and the Southern Hemisphere's Tropic of Capricorn experiences under 12 hours).

Geography: Multi-statement (Traditional Style) PYQ.

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