Geography: Statement-I, II & III (Multi-Assertion Style) PYQ.
UPSC Prelims Geography previous year questions in the "Statement-I, II & III (Multi-Assertion Style)" question pattern — real questions with answers and explanations.
3 questions · sorted by year
2025Statement-I, II & III (Multi-Assertion Style)Climatology & Meteorology
Consider the following statements:
Statement I: Scientific studies suggest that a shift is taking place in the Earth's rotation and axis.
Statement II: Solar flares and associated coronal mass ejections bombarded the Earth's outermost atmosphere with tremendous amount of energy.
Statement III: As the Earth's polar ice melts, the water tends to move towards the equator.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
A.Both Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I
B.Both Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them explains Statement I
C.Only one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I
D.Neither Statement II nor Statement III is correct
Explanation: * (b) is correct: Climate change studies show the Earth's rotational speed is slowing and its spin axis is shifting, satisfying Statement I. * Statement II is correct: Solar storms and coronal mass ejections hit the upper atmosphere with extreme energy, causing the thermosphere to expand, though this does not measurably affect the planet's bulk rotational axis. * Statement III is correct: Accelerated polar ice sheet melting shifts mass away from the poles toward the equatorial oceans, which changes the planet's mass distribution, alters its polar motion, and slows down its spin. * Because Statement III provides the explanation for the axial shift (Statement I), while Statement II is a true but unrelated atmospheric event, option (b) is correct.
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📌 Solar Radiation Heat Balance and TemperatureRelevance 55%
2025Statement-I, II & III (Multi-Assertion Style)Geomorphology & Lithosphere
Consider the following statements:
Statement I: In the context of effect of water on rocks, chalk is known as a very permeable rock whereas clay is known as quite an impermeable or least permeable rock.
Statement II: Chalk is porous and hence can absorb water.
Statement III: Clay is not at all porous.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
A.Both Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I
B.Both Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them explains Statement I
C.Only one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I
D.Neither Statement II nor Statement III is correct
Explanation: * Statement I is correct: Chalk is structurally permeable, allowing groundwater to easily pass through, while tightly structured clay is highly impermeable. * Statement II is correct: Chalk consists of microscopic organic shell deposits, forming a highly porous structure with interconnected pathways that trap and pass water easily, explaining its high permeability. * Statement III is not correct: Clay actually has a high micro-porosity, but because its microscopic particles are packed tightly together, the pore spaces are isolated and not interconnected. This locks out water flow and makes it impermeable, rendering Statement III false. Thus, option (c) is correct.
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📌 Landforms and Their EvolutionRelevance 55%
2024Statement-I, II & III (Multi-Assertion Style)Climatology & Meteorology
Consider the following statements:
Statement-I: Rainfall is one of the reasons for weathering of rocks.
Statement-II: Rain water contains carbon dioxide in solution.
Statement-III: Rain water contains atmospheric oxygen.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
A.Both Statement-II and Statement-III are correct and both of them explain Statement-I
B.Both Statement-II and Statement-III are correct, but only one of them explains Statement-I
C.Only one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement-I
D.Neither Statement-II nor Statement-III is correct
Explanation: * (a) is correct: Rainfall triggers the chemical weathering, decomposition, and denudation of exposed rock surfaces, validating Statement-I. * Atmospheric carbon dioxide easily dissolves into falling rainwater, creating a weak carbonic acid solution that reacts with and breaks down minerals like calcium carbonate, validating Statement-II and explaining Statement-I. * Concurrently, rainwater absorbs dissolved atmospheric oxygen, inducing oxidation reactions that rust and crumble iron-bearing minerals inside rock matrices, validating Statement-III and explaining Statement-I. Thus, both statements are correct and provide causal mechanisms for Statement-I.