UPSC Prelims previous year questions on Climate Accords & Governance (International Relations) — real questions with answers and explanations.
2025Current AffairsStatement-I, II & III (Multi-Assertion Style)Climate Accords & Governance
Consider the following statements:
Statement I: At the 28th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP28), India refrained from signing the 'Declaration on Climate and Health'.
Statement II: The COP28 Declaration on Climate and Health is a binding declaration; and if signed, it becomes mandatory to decarbonize health sector.
Statement III: If India's health sector is decarbonized, the resilience of its health-care system may be compromised.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
A.Both Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I
B.Both Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them explains Statement I
C.Only one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I
D.Neither Statement II nor Statement III is correct
Explanation: * (c) is correct: India refrained from signing the COP28 Declaration on Climate and Health, satisfying Statement I. * Statement II is incorrect: The COP28 Declaration on Climate and Health is a voluntary, non-negotiated, non-binding collective commitment, not a mandatory treaty. * Statement III is correct: India chose not to sign because the draft outlined greenhouse gas reduction targets for cooling systems in healthcare infrastructure. India expressed concerns that mandatory decarbonization would limit cooling capacity, compromise the operational resilience of clinics in remote or underserved areas, and hinder its healthcare delivery capacity. This valid operational concern (Statement III) explains why India refrained from signing (Statement I).
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2025Statement-I, II & III (Multi-Assertion Style)Climate Accords & Governance
Consider the following statements:
Statement I: Article 6 of the Paris Agreement on climate change is frequently discussed in global discussions on sustainable development and climate change.
Statement II: Article 6 of the Paris Agreement on climate change sets out the principles of carbon markets.
Statement III: Article 6 of the Paris Agreement on climate change intends to promote inter-country non-market strategies to reach their climate targets.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
A.Both Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I
B.Both Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them explains Statement I
C.Only one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I
D.Neither Statement II nor Statement III is correct
Explanation: * (a) is correct: Article 6 is a central component of global climate negotiations because it outlines how countries can cooperatively meet their NDCs, satisfying Statement I. * Articles 6.2 and 6.4 establish frameworks for international carbon trading networks and carbon markets, satisfying Statement II. * Article 6.8 specifically enables non-market-based cooperative approaches between countries to enhance climate mitigation and adaptation, satisfying Statement III. * Because both mechanisms—market trading (Statement II) and non-market collaboration (Statement III)—form the structural core of Article 6 and drive global climate discourse (Statement I), option (a) is correct.
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2025Current AffairsDirect Conceptual / Factual MCQClimate Accords & Governance
Which one of the following launched the 'Nature Solutions Finance Hub for Asia and the Pacific'?
A.The Asian Development Bank (ADB)
B.The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)
C.The New Development Bank (NDB)
D.The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
Explanation: * (a) The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is correct: The ADB officially launched the Nature Solutions Finance Hub for Asia and the Pacific at the COP28 conference. * The hub aims to channel at least $2 billion into development programs that integrate nature-based solutions, utilizing risk-reduction tools like blended finance, guarantees, and impact-linked payments to crowd in private capital.
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2024Current AffairsStatement-I & Statement-II (Assertion-Reason Style)Climate Accords & Governance
Consider the following statements:
Statement-I: The European Parliament approved The Net-Zero Industry Act recently.
Statement-II: The European Union intends to achieve carbon neutrality by 2040 and therefore aims to develop all of its own clean technology by that time.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
A.Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
B.Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
C.Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
D.Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct
Explanation: * Statement I is correct: The European Parliament formally adopted the Net-Zero Industry Act to bolster domestic industrial production capacities for green technologies essential to decarbonization targets. * Statement II is incorrect: Under its established European Climate Law, the European Union legally commits to achieving full climate neutrality (net-zero greenhouse gas emissions) by the year 2050, not 2040.
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