Question 1

Consider the following statements with respect to the AI Impact Summit, 2026 held in New Delhi:
1. The Summit's intellectual framework was based on three foundational Sutras: People, Planning, and Progress.
2. The Preamble of the Summit stresses Democratising AI Resources, which acknowledges the Charter for Democratic Diffusion of AI as a binding framework to support locally relevant innovation and strengthen resilient AI ecosystems while respecting national laws.
3. The New Delhi Declaration on AI Impact was structured around seven Chakras (Pillars), which included Access for Social Empowerment, AI for Science, and Secure and Trusted AI.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Accepted Answer

2 and 3 only. * Statement 1 is incorrect: The intellectual framework of the 2026 summit was built on three guiding principles: People, Planet, and Prosperity (not People, Planning, and Progress). * Statement 2 is incorrect: The Preamble supports democratizing AI, but the Charter for Democratic Diffusion of AI was designed as a voluntary, non-binding framework, not a legally binding configuration. * Statement 3 is correct: The signature New Delhi Declaration on AI Impact was structured around seven core pillars or Chakras, which explicitly included Access for Social Empowerment, AI for Science, and Secure and Trusted AI.

Question 2

Match List I with List II and select the answer using the code given below the Lists:
List I (Project Supported by India):
A. Mangdechhu Hydroelectric Project
B. Restoration of Stor Palace
C. District Hospital at Dickoya
D. Institute of Security and Law Enforcement Studies
List II (Country):
1. Maldives
2. Afghanistan
3. Bhutan
4. Sri Lanka

Accepted Answer

A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3. * A - 3: The 720 MW Mangdechhu Hydroelectric Project was built in Bhutan under bilateral Indo-Bhutan energy cooperation. * B - 2: The restoration of the historic Stor Palace in Kabul was funded by India as part of its cultural aid to Afghanistan. * C - 4: The District Hospital at Dickoya was constructed under Indian financial assistance in Sri Lanka. * D - 1: The Institute of Security and Law Enforcement Studies was established in the Maldives with Indian development aid. * This maps to option (b): 3, 2, 4, 1.

Question 3

Consider the following statements about platforms for multilateral co-operation:
1. The 'Colombo Process' is a regional consultative process in which member states take binding decisions by consensus.
2. The 'Abu Dhabi Dialogue' is a voluntary non-binding consultative process among Asian countries of labour origin and destination to facilitate regional cooperation on contractual labour mobility.
3. The 'Global Forum for Migration and Development', created upon the proposal of a former UN Secretary General, is a voluntary forum whose decisions are non-binding in nature.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Accepted Answer

1 and 3 only. * Statement 1 is incorrect: The Colombo Process is a Regional Consultative Process managing overseas employment for Asian labor-sending countries. Its forums and outputs are advisory and consultative, not legally binding. * Statement 2 is correct: The Abu Dhabi Dialogue (established in 2008) acts as a voluntary, non-binding platform that coordinates labor-sending and labor-destination states to smooth contractual labor mobility. * Statement 3 is correct: The Global Forum on Migration and Development (GFMD) was set up in 2006 on the proposal of former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan as an informal, state-led, non-binding platform. * Therefore, statements 2 and 3 are correct.

Question 4

Match List I with List II and select the answer using the code given below the Lists:
List I (UN Peacekeeping Operation):
A. UNMIL
B. MINURCAT
C. MINUSTAH
D. UNMISET
List II (Period of Operation):
1. 2007-2010
2. 2002-2005
3. 2003-2018
4. 2004-2017

Accepted Answer

A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2. * A - 3: UNMIL (United Nations Mission in Liberia) operated from 2003 to 2018 following the resolution of the Liberian Civil War. * B - 1: MINURCAT (United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad) operated from 2007 to 2010 to protect refugees and manage regional instability. * C - 4: MINUSTAH (United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti) operated from 2004 to 2017 following political unrest. * D - 2: UNMISET (United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor) operated from 2002 to 2005 during East Timor's transition to independence. * This maps to combination (b): 3, 1, 4, 2.

Question 5

Match List I with List II and select the answer using the code given below the Lists:
List I (BIMSTEC Centre/Establishment):
A. BIMSTEC Cultural Industries Observatory
B. BIMSTEC Energy Centre
C. BIMSTEC Centre for Weather and Climate
D. BIMSTEC Technology Transfer Facility
List II (Location):
1. NOIDA
2. Bengaluru
3. Colombo
4. Thimphu

Accepted Answer

A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4. * A - 4: The BIMSTEC Cultural Industries Observatory is situated in Thimphu, Bhutan, to promote regional cultural heritage. * B - 2: The BIMSTEC Energy Centre is located in Bengaluru, India, to coordinate power grids and energy information sharing. * C - 1: The BIMSTEC Centre for Weather and Climate is situated in NOIDA, India, focusing on advanced weather modeling and climate data. * D - 3: The BIMSTEC Technology Transfer Facility is established in Colombo, Sri Lanka, to handle technical capacity building. * This yields combination (c): 4, 2, 1, 3.

Question 6

Match List I with List II and select the answer using the code given below the Lists:
List I (INTERPOL Notice):
A. Silver Notice
B. Blue Notice
C. Black Notice
D. Green Notice
List II (Description):
1. To seek information on unidentified bodies
2. To collect additional information about a person's identity, location, or activities in relation to a criminal investigation
3. To provide warning about a person's criminal activities, where the person is considered to be a possible threat to public safety
4. To identify and trace criminal assets

Accepted Answer

A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4. * Silver Notice (4): The newest alert notice, specifically designed to identify, monitor, and trace criminal assets globally. * Blue Notice (2): Used to collect additional background information regarding a person's identity, location, or illicit activities linked to an active criminal probe. * Black Notice (1): Issued to seek information and identification regarding unidentified dead bodies. * Green Notice (3): Used to provide public safety warnings about an individual's repeat criminal acts if they pose a threat. * This yields combination (c): 4, 2, 1, 3.

Question 7

The Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany visited India in January, 2026. Which of the following is/are not correct in terms of outcomes of this visit?
1. Signing of a Memorandum of Understanding between the All India Institute of Ayurveda and the University of Hamburg
2. Signing of a Memorandum of Understanding on Youth Hockey Development between Hockey India and the German Hockey Federation
3. Establishment of a bilateral dialogue mechanism on the Indo-Pacific
4. Opening of an Honorary Consul of Germany in Lucknow
Select the answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

2 and 3. * Option 1 is not correct: The bilateral leaders welcomed an MoU signed between the All-India Institute of Ayurveda and Charité University of Germany to promote scientific cooperation, not the University of Hamburg. * Option 2 is correct: A specialized MoU covering Youth Hockey Development was signed. * Option 3 is correct: A formal bilateral dialogue mechanism covering the Indo-Pacific was established. * Option 4 is not correct: The opening of an Honorary Consul of Germany was agreed for Ahmedabad, not Lucknow. * Since the question asks for outcomes that are NOT correct, the answer is (b) 1 and 4.

Question 8

Consider the following statements:
Statement I: At the 28th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP28), India refrained from signing the 'Declaration on Climate and Health'.
Statement II: The COP28 Declaration on Climate and Health is a binding declaration; and if signed, it becomes mandatory to decarbonize health sector.
Statement III: If India's health sector is decarbonized, the resilience of its health-care system may be compromised.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Accepted Answer

Both Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them explains Statement I. * (c) is correct: India refrained from signing the COP28 Declaration on Climate and Health, satisfying Statement I. * Statement II is incorrect: The COP28 Declaration on Climate and Health is a voluntary, non-negotiated, non-binding collective commitment, not a mandatory treaty. * Statement III is correct: India chose not to sign because the draft outlined greenhouse gas reduction targets for cooling systems in healthcare infrastructure. India expressed concerns that mandatory decarbonization would limit cooling capacity, compromise the operational resilience of clinics in remote or underserved areas, and hinder its healthcare delivery capacity. This valid operational concern (Statement III) explains why India refrained from signing (Statement I).

Question 9

Consider the following statements:
Statement I: Article 6 of the Paris Agreement on climate change is frequently discussed in global discussions on sustainable development and climate change.
Statement II: Article 6 of the Paris Agreement on climate change sets out the principles of carbon markets.
Statement III: Article 6 of the Paris Agreement on climate change intends to promote inter-country non-market strategies to reach their climate targets.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Accepted Answer

Both Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I. * (a) is correct: Article 6 is a central component of global climate negotiations because it outlines how countries can cooperatively meet their NDCs, satisfying Statement I. * Articles 6.2 and 6.4 establish frameworks for international carbon trading networks and carbon markets, satisfying Statement II. * Article 6.8 specifically enables non-market-based cooperative approaches between countries to enhance climate mitigation and adaptation, satisfying Statement III. * Because both mechanisms—market trading (Statement II) and non-market collaboration (Statement III)—form the structural core of Article 6 and drive global climate discourse (Statement I), option (a) is correct.

Question 10

Which one of the following launched the 'Nature Solutions Finance Hub for Asia and the Pacific'?

Accepted Answer

The Asian Development Bank (ADB). * (a) The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is correct: The ADB officially launched the Nature Solutions Finance Hub for Asia and the Pacific at the COP28 conference. * The hub aims to channel at least $2 billion into development programs that integrate nature-based solutions, utilizing risk-reduction tools like blended finance, guarantees, and impact-linked payments to crowd in private capital.

Question 11

Consider the following countries:
I. Austria
II. Bulgaria
III. Croatia
IV. Serbia
V. Sweden
VI. North Macedonia

How many of the above are members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization?

Accepted Answer

Only three. * NATO's active alliance membership recently reached 32 sovereign nations. * Items II (Bulgaria, joined 2004), III (Croatia, joined 2009), V (Sweden, joined 2024 as the 32nd member), and VI (North Macedonia, joined 2020) are verified members. * Items I (Austria) and IV (Serbia) are neutral and are not members of NATO. * Therefore, exactly four of the listed nations are members.

Question 12

Consider the following statements in respect of BIMSTEC:
I. It is a regional organization consisting of seven member States till January 2025.
II. It came into existence with the signing of the Dhaka Declaration, 1999.
III. Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Nepal are founding member States of BIMSTEC.
IV. In BIMSTEC, the subsector of 'tourism' is being led by India.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Accepted Answer

I and IV. * Statement I is correct: BIMSTEC comprises seven Member States (Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Myanmar, Bhutan, and Nepal). * Statement II is not correct: It was established on 06 June 1997 with the signing of the Bangkok Declaration, not the Dhaka Declaration of 1999. * Statement III is not correct: The founding member states were Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand (initially BIST-EC); Nepal joined later in February 2004. * Statement IV is not correct: Reorganized in 2021, India leads the Security sector, while Nepal is the lead country for the Tourism subsector.

Question 13

Consider the following statements regarding AI Action Summit held in Grand Palais, Paris in February 2025:
I. Co-chaired with India, the event builds on the advances made at the Bletchley Park Summit held in 2023 and the Seoul Summit held in 2024.
II. Along with other countries, US and UK also signed the declaration on inclusive and sustainable AI.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Accepted Answer

I only. * Statement I is correct: The AI Action Summit held at the Grand Palais in Paris in February 2025 was co-chaired by France and India, building upon the Bletchley Park Summit (2023) and the Seoul Summit (2024). * Statement II is not correct: While the summit introduced a declaration on inclusive and sustainable AI, the United States and the United Kingdom declined to sign it due to national security concerns.

Question 14

Consider the following pairs:
International Year : Focus Area
I. 2026 : International Year of the Woman Farmer
II. 2027 : International Year of Sustainable and Resilient Tourism
III. 2025 : International Year of Peace and Trust
IV. 2029 : International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defence

How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

Only three. * Pair I is correctly matched: The UN General Assembly declared 2026 as the International Year of the Woman Farmer. * Pair II is correctly matched: 2027 was designated as the International Year of Sustainable and Resilient Tourism. * Pair III is correctly matched: 2025 was declared as the International Year of Peace and Trust. * Pair IV is correctly matched: 2029 was declared as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defence.

Question 15

Consider the following statements with regard to BRICS:
I. 16th BRICS Summit was held under the Chairship of Russia in Kazan.
II. Indonesia has become a full member of BRICS.
III. The theme of the 16th BRICS Summit was Strengthening Multiculturalism for Just Global Development and Security.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Accepted Answer

I and II. * Statement I is correct: The 16th BRICS Summit took place in Kazan with Russia as the chair, marking the first summit with expanded membership. * Statement II is correct: Indonesia officially joined BRICS as a full member, announced by Brazil, the holder of the 2025 BRICS presidency. * Statement III is not correct: The actual theme of the summit was "Strengthening Multilateralism for Just Global Development and Security," using the word multilateralism, not multiculturalism.

Question 16

India is one of the founding members of the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC), a multimodal transportation corridor, which will connect:

Accepted Answer

India to Central Asia to Europe via Iran. * (a) is correct: The International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) is a multi-modal transport network established by India, Iran, and Russia in 2000. * It is designed to link India to Central Asia and onward to Northern and Western Europe, primarily routing through transit tracks in Iran, making it highly cost and time-effective.

Question 17

Consider the following statements in respect of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD):
I. It provides loans and guarantees to middle income countries.
II. It works single-handedly to help developing countries to reduce poverty.
III. It was established to help Europe rebuild after the World War II.

Accepted Answer

II and III only. * Statement I is correct: As a global development cooperative owned by 189 member nations, the IBRD operates as the largest development bank worldwide, extending structural loans, financial guarantees, risk management products, and advisory services to middle-income and creditworthy low-income countries. * Statement II is incorrect: The IBRD does not work single-handedly; it coordinates closely with the other institutions of the World Bank Group alongside public and private entities in developing countries to reduce poverty and foster shared prosperity. * Statement III is correct: The IBRD was originally created in 1944 specifically to help European nations rebuild their infrastructure in the aftermath of World War II, later joining with the IDA to form the core of the World Bank.

Question 18

Consider the following statements regarding World Toilet Organization:
1. It is one of the agencies of the United Nations.
2. World Toilet Summit, World Toilet Day and World Toilet College are the initiatives of this organization, to inspire action to tackle the global sanitation crisis.
3. The main focus of its function is to grant funds to the least developed countries and developing countries to achieve the end of open defecation.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Accepted Answer

2 only. * Statement 1 is incorrect: The World Toilet Organization (WTO), founded in 2001, is an independent global non-profit non-governmental organization, not an official agency of the United Nations (though it achieved UN ECOSOC consultative status in 2013). * Statement 2 is correct: To raise public health awareness, the WTO created and coordinates major global awareness initiatives, including the World Toilet Summit, World Toilet Day, and the World Toilet College. * Statement 3 is incorrect: The primary focus of the organization is capacity building, public health advocacy, and local marketplace training, rather than acting as a direct financial aid or fund-granting body for developing nations.

Question 19

Consider the following statements:
1. India is a member of the International Grains Council.
2. A country needs to be a member of the International Grains Council for exporting or importing rice and wheat.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Accepted Answer

1 only. * Statement 1 is correct: India is a formal signatory to the International Grains Agreement, 1995, and functions as an active exporting member country within the International Grains Council (IGC). * Statement 2 is incorrect: Membership in the International Grains Council is a voluntary intergovernmental forum for information sharing and market analysis; it is not a mandatory legal prerequisite for any nation to engage in the global import or export trade of wheat and rice.

Question 20

Who of the following is the author of the books "The India Way" and "Why Bharat Matters"?

Accepted Answer

Shashi Tharoor. * (d) Subrahmanyam Jaishankar is correct: Both "The India Way: Strategies for an Uncertain World" and "Why Bharat Matters" (published in 2024) are non-fictional works authored by Dr. S. Jaishankar. Writing from his vantage perspective as a career diplomat and the incumbent Minister of External Affairs, he analyzes India's contemporary foreign policy, critiquing historical strategies while emphasizing India's growing potential as a global superpower.

Question 21

Consider the following pairs:
Country : Reason for being in the news
1. Argentina : Worst economic crisis
2. Sudan : War between the country's regular army and paramilitary forces
3. Turkey : Rescinded its membership of NATO

How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

Only one pair. * Pair 1 is correctly matched: Argentina has faced a severe, historical economic crisis characterized by hyperinflation, forcing the government to multiply the face value of its largest bank note in circulation. * Pair 2 is correctly matched: Sudan is gripped by a major humanitarian crisis and internal war driven by intense fighting between its regular army (led by Gen. Burhan) and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF led by Dagalo). * Pair 3 is incorrectly matched: Turkey remains a member of NATO. No mechanism exists inside the North Atlantic Treaty framework to forcefully expel a wayward member, and Turkey has not voluntarily rescinded its membership. * Therefore, exactly two pairs (1 and 2) are correctly matched.

Question 22

Consider the following statements:
Statement-I: There is instability and worsening security situation in the Sahel region.
Statement-II: There have been military takeovers/coups d'état in several countries of the Sahel region in the recent past.

Accepted Answer

Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I. * (a) is correct: The vast African Sahel strip faces severe geopolitical instability, humanitarian crises, and deteriorating security parameters. This validates Statement I. * The region has recently witnessed a succession of successful military coups d'état and unconstitutional takeovers, including multi-stage coups across Burkina Faso, Mali, and Chad since 2020. This validates Statement II. * Because the collapse of constitutional checks and the rise of armed military takeovers (Statement II) directly trigger the breakdown of public governance and exacerbate the chronic security crisis across the Sahel belt (Statement I), Statement II provides the correct explanation for Statement I.

Question 23

Consider the following statements:
Statement-I: The European Parliament approved The Net-Zero Industry Act recently.
Statement-II: The European Union intends to achieve carbon neutrality by 2040 and therefore aims to develop all of its own clean technology by that time.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Accepted Answer

Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I. * Statement I is correct: The European Parliament formally adopted the Net-Zero Industry Act to bolster domestic industrial production capacities for green technologies essential to decarbonization targets. * Statement II is incorrect: Under its established European Climate Law, the European Union legally commits to achieving full climate neutrality (net-zero greenhouse gas emissions) by the year 2050, not 2040.

Question 24

Consider the following statements:
Statement-I: Recently, Venezuela has achieved a rapid recovery from its economic crisis and succeeded in preventing its people fleeing/emigrating to other countries.
Statement-II: Venezuela has the world's largest oil reserves.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Accepted Answer

Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect. * Statement I is incorrect: Venezuela continues to deal with a severe, deep economic crisis, political repression, and institutional decay. Far from stopping emigration, its hyperinflation and basic shortages have generated one of the largest displacement and refugee migration crises globally. * Statement II is correct: Venezuela holds the world's largest proven crude oil reserves, encompassing over 300 billion barrels and accounting for approximately 17% of the global total. Thus, option (d) is correct.

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