Modern Indian History: Gandhian Era & Mass Movements PYQ.
UPSC Prelims previous year questions on Gandhian Era & Mass Movements (Modern Indian History) — real questions with answers and explanations.
4 questions · sorted by year
2025Multi-statement (How Many Style)Gandhian Era & Mass Movements
Consider the following subjects with regard to Non-Cooperation Programme:
I. Boycott of law-courts and foreign cloth
II. Observance of strict non-violence
III. Retention of titles and honours without using them in public
IV. Establishment of Panchayats for settling disputes
How many of the above were parts of Non-Cooperation Programme?
A.Only one
B.Only two
C.Only three
D.All the four
Explanation: * Item I is correct: The boycott of foreign-made cloth and colonial law-courts formed primary tactical features of the movement launched in 1920. * Item II is correct: Maintaining absolute non-violence was an foundational baseline requirement prescribed by Mahatma Gandhi for the operational execution of the struggle. * Item III is incorrect: The program called for the complete surrender and surrender of all titles and honorary positions received from the colonial government, not their retention. * Item IV is correct: Setting up alternative national schools, colleges, and private village panchayat courts to settle civil disputes locally was a central element of the constructive program. * Therefore, exactly three of the subjects listed were active components.
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📌 Non-Cooperation Movement and Khilafat AandolanRelevance 95%
2025Multi-statement (Traditional Style)Gandhian Era & Mass Movements
Consider the following statements in respect of the Non-Cooperation Movement:
I. The Congress declared the attainment of 'Swaraj' by all legitimate and peaceful means to be its objective.
II. It was to be implemented in stages with civil disobedience and non-payment of taxes for the next stage only if 'Swaraj' did not come within a year and the Government resorted to repression.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A.I only
B.II only
C.Both I and II
D.Neither I nor II
Explanation: * Both statements are correct: In December 1920, at the regular annual session of the Congress in Nagpur, the resolution of the Non-Cooperation Movement (NCM) was officially adopted. * Gandhiji declared that if within a year Swaraj is not achieved or if the government resorted to suppression, a civil disobedience movement along with the non-payment of taxes would be launched as the next stage.
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📌 Non-Cooperation Movement and Khilafat AandolanRelevance 95%
2025Direct Conceptual / Factual MCQGandhian Era & Mass Movements
"Sedition has become my religion" was the famous statement given by Gandhiji at the time of:
A.the Champaran Satyagraha
B.publicly violating Salt Law at Dandi
C.attending the Second Round Table Conference in London
D.the launch of the Quit India Movement
Explanation: * (b) publicly violating Salt Law at Dandi is correct: On 6th April 1930, Mahatma Gandhi completed the Dandi March by lifting a handful of salt to break the salt law as a symbol of defiance against British rule. * Upon breaking the law, Gandhi openly declared: "The British rule in India has brought about moral, material, cultural and spiritual ruination... I regard this rule as a curse. I am ought to destroy this system of Government.... Sedition has become my religion."
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📌 First Phase of Revolutionary Activities 1907-1917Relevance 55%
2025Direct Conceptual / Factual MCQGandhian Era & Mass Movements
Who provided legal defence to the people arrested in the aftermath of Chauri Chaura incident?
A.C. R. Das
B.Madan Mohan Malaviya
C.Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew and Khwaja Hasan Nizami
D.M. A. Jinnah
Explanation: * (b) Madan Mohan Malaviya and Krishna Kant is correct: Following the Chauri Chaura clash in 1922, 225 people were brought to trial on serious charges of rioting and arson. * Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya, a brilliant legal mind who had previously stepped away from his active law practice for politics, returned to the courtroom to provide legal defense for the accused. Following an 8-month trial where 172 people were initially handed death sentences, his defense managed to secure the complete acquittal of 153 individuals.
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