Consider the following statements about Raja Ram Mohan Roy:
I. He possessed great love and respect for the traditional philosophical systems of the East.
II. He desired his countrymen to accept the rational and scientific approach and the principle of human dignity and social equality of all men and women.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A.I only
B.II only
C.Both I and II
D.Neither I nor II
Explanation: * Statement I is correct: Raja Ram Mohan Roy, often called the "Father of the Indian Renaissance," possessed a deep love and respect for the traditional philosophical systems of the East, notably setting up the Atmiya Sabha to propagate the monotheistic ideals of the Vedanta. * Statement II is correct: At the same time, he strongly advocated for his countrymen to accept a rational and scientific approach, pushing for the synthesis of Eastern and Western thought, modern education, and the values of human dignity and social equality for all men and women. Therefore, both statements are correct.
Subsequent to which one of the following events, Gandhiji, who consistently opposed untouchability and appealed for its eradication from all spheres, decided to include the upliftment of 'Harijans' in his political and social programme?
A.The Poona Pact
B.The Gandhi-Irwin Agreement (Delhi Pact)
C.Arrest of Congress leadership at the time of the Quit India Movement
D.Promulgation of the Government of India Act, 1935
Explanation: * (a) The Poona Pact is correct: In September 1932, Mahatma Gandhi went on a fast unto death inside Yerwada Jail to oppose the communal award of separate electorates for the Depressed Classes. This led to the signing of the Poona Pact, creating reserved seats under a unified joint Hindu electorate. * Following the accord, Gandhi launched a major social transformation campaign, renaming the Depressed Classes as 'Harijans' ("Children of God"). He established the Anti-Untouchability League (later renamed the Harijan Sevak Sangh) and launched the weekly publication Harijan in 1933, embedding this reform into his core socio-political program.
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Who among the following was the founder of the 'Self-Respect Movement'?
A.Periyar' E. V. Ramaswamy Naicker
B.Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
C.Bhaskarrao Jadhav
D.Dinkarrao Javalkar
Explanation: * (a) 'Periyar' E. V. Ramaswamy Naicker is correct: He was a radical social reformer from Tamil Nadu who founded the Self-Respect Movement in 1925. * The movement sought to empower non-Brahmins, advocate for gender equality, challenge Brahminical dominance, and oppose religious orthodoxy in South India.
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