Question 1

Which of the following statements with regard to Large Language Models (LLMs) used in machine learning is/are correct?
1. LLMs assign probabilities to the next possible words and then pick the one with the highest probability.
2. LLMs process data through mathematical optimization to minimise prediction errors.
3. LLMs produce unbiased outputs.
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Accepted Answer

1 only. * Statement 1 is correct: Autoregressive LLMs function by assigning statistical probabilities to potential next words in a sequence based on prior text and typically selecting the highest probability token. * Statement 2 is correct: LLMs are trained using optimization algorithms (like gradient descent) configured to minimize mathematical prediction error (loss function) against their training datasets. * Statement 3 is incorrect: LLMs frequently generate biased outputs. Because they train on massive internet data reflecting existing human prejudices regarding race, gender, and culture, these systemic biases are mirrored in their outputs.

Question 2

Which of the following statements with regard to the National Quantum Mission (NQM) is/are correct?
1. It aims at developing intermediate-scale quantum computers with 50-1000 physical qubits.
2. Its implementation includes setting up of four Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs) in academic and national R&D institutes across India.
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Accepted Answer

2 only. * Statement 1 is correct: The National Quantum Mission (slated for 2023–2031 with a ₹6,003.65 crore budget) targets building intermediate-scale quantum computers operating on 50–1000 physical qubits via photonic and superconducting methods. * Statement 2 is correct: The mission setup establishes four dedicated internal Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs) across major national R&D labs and universities, centering on: Quantum Computing, Quantum Communication, Quantum Sensing & Metrology, and Quantum Materials & Devices.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about DHRUV64 is/are correct?
1. It is the third chip fabricated under the DIR-V Programme with an overall aim to enable the creation of microprocessors for India.
2. It is India's first homegrown 1.0 GHz, 64-bit dual-core microprocessor.
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Accepted Answer

2 only. * Statement 1 is correct: DHRUV64 is the third major processor chip designed and taped out under the Digital India RISC-V (DIR-V) Programme, which aims to secure domestic self-reliance in microprocessor ecosystems. * Statement 2 is correct: Developed indigenously by the SHAKTI processor engineering team at IIT Madras, DHRUV64 is recognized as India's first homegrown 64-bit dual-core microprocessor capable of a 1.0 GHz clock speed.

Question 4

Which one of the following pairs of semiconductor plants in India and their locations is not correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

Tata Semiconductor Assembly and Test Pvt. Ltd. : Assam. * Option (a) is correctly matched: CG Power's OSAT plant is located in Sanand, Gujarat. * Option (b) is correctly matched: Tata Semiconductor's major OSAT facility is established in Jagiroad, Assam. * Option (c) is NOT correctly matched: The proposed HCL-Foxconn joint venture chip project was structurally linked to Uttar Pradesh (launched by the Prime Minister), not Madhya Pradesh. * Option (d) is correctly matched: SicSem Pvt. Ltd. is setting up its silicon carbide semiconductor plant in Odisha.

Question 5

Which of the following statements regarding the features of blockchain technology are correct?
1. Records stored in the database may be made visible to relevant stakeholders without risk of alteration.
2. Copies of the entire database are stored on multiple computers on a network, syncing within seconds.
3. Consortium blockchain is a blend of public and private blockchains allowing selective data access.
4. Mathematical algorithms make it impossible to change or delete any data once recorded and accepted.
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Accepted Answer

2 and 4 only. * Statement 1 is correct: Cryptography and consensus protocols enable blockchain systems to share data visible to relevant parties transparently while shielding it from unauthorized changes. * Statement 2 is correct: Blockchain acts as a decentralized distributed ledger where every node holds a complete, synchronized copy of the database. * Statement 3 is incorrect: A hybrid blockchain represents the structural blend of public and private features. A consortium blockchain is a semi-decentralized setup managed by a predefined group of organizations. * Statement 4 is correct: Cryptographic hashing binds blocks linearly, creating an immutable timeline where mathematical algorithms ensure data cannot be deleted or modified retroactively.

Question 6

Consider the following statements:
I. It is expected that Majorana 1 chip will enable quantum computing.
II. Majorana 1 chip has been introduced by Amazon Web Services (AWS).
III. Deep learning is a subset of machine learning.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Accepted Answer

II and III only. * Statement I is correct: The Majorana I chip utilizes Majorana fermions to pioneer topological quantum computing, which promises greater architectural stability and lower error rates. * Statement II is incorrect: The Majorana I quantum chip was developed and launched by Microsoft, not by Amazon Web Services (AWS). * Statement III is correct: Deep learning is a specialized subset field within machine learning that uses multi-layered artificial neural networks for complex pattern data processing.

Question 7

Which one of the following words/phrases is most appropriately used to denote "an interoperable network of 3D virtual worlds that can be accessed simultaneously by millions of users, who can exert property rights over virtual items"?

Accepted Answer

Cryptography. * (c) Metaverse is correct: The term metaverse refers to a shared, immersive, and highly persistent network of 3D virtual spaces where multiple users interact via avatars. Powered by augmented reality, virtual reality, and blockchain networks, it allows user interaction, social/economic connections, and the assertion of property rights over distinct digital assets.

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