Question 1

Consider the following statements:
Statement-I: The atmosphere is heated more by incoming solar radiation than by terrestrial radiation.
Statement-II: Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are good absorbers of long wave radiation.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Accepted Answer

Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect. * Statement-I is incorrect: The Earth's atmosphere is largely transparent to incoming short-wave solar radiation, allowing it to pass through to strike the surface. The surface absorbs this energy, heats up, and re-radiates it outward as long-wave terrestrial radiation, which heats the atmosphere from below. Thus, the atmosphere is indirectly heated more by terrestrial radiation than by direct incoming solar waves. * Statement-II is correct: Carbon dioxide and alternative atmospheric greenhouse gases are excellent, highly efficient absorbers of outgoing long-wave terrestrial radiation, trapping infrared heat within the lower troposphere. Therefore, option (d) is correct.

Question 2

Consider the following statements:
Statement-I: Thickness of the troposphere at the equator is much greater as compared to poles.
Statement-II: At the equator, heat is transported to great heights by strong convectional currents.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Accepted Answer

Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I. * (a) is correct: The troposphere's structural height varies drastically over the globe, extending roughly to 8 km over polar zones and expanding up to 18 km above equatorial regions, validating Statement-I. * Intense solar insolation at the equator heats the surface, causing air to expand and generate powerful, deep vertical convectional currents that loft thermal energy up to great heights, validating Statement-II. * Because these active, intense equatorial convectional air currents (Statement-II) are the precise physical mechanism that lofts the air upward and forces the upper tropopause boundary higher (Statement-I), Statement-II provides the correct explanation for Statement-I.

Question 3

Consider the following:
1. Pyroclastic debris
2. Ash and dust
3. Nitrogen compounds
4. Sulphur compounds

How many of the above are products of volcanic eruptions?

Accepted Answer

Only three. * Items 1, 2, 3, and 4 are correct: Volcanic eruptions project an array of molten, fragmented, and gaseous materials sourced from the weaker asthenosphere layer of the upper mantle. * The physical material discharged includes liquid lava flows, high-velocity fragments of pyroclastic debris, volcanic bombs, fine ash, and gas complexes like nitrogen compounds, sulphur compounds, and trace amounts of chlorine, hydrogen, and argon. Thus, all four items are products.

Question 4

Which of the following is/are correct inference/inferences from isothermal maps in the month of January?
1. The isotherms deviate to the north over the ocean and to the south over the continent.
2. The presence of cold ocean currents, Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift make the North Atlantic Ocean colder and the isotherms bend towards the north.

Select the answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

1 only. * Inference 1 is correct: During January, isotherms in the Northern Hemisphere show clear latitudinal deviations, bending significantly northward (poleward) as they cross oceans and turning southward (equatorward) across cold continental interior landmasses. * Inference 2 is incorrect: The Gulf Stream and the North Atlantic Drift are warm ocean currents, not cold ones. Their presence makes the North Atlantic Ocean significantly warmer during winter, which is what causes the isotherms to bend sharply toward the north.

Question 5

With reference to the Himalayan rivers joining the Ganga downstream of Prayagraj from West to East, which one of the following sequences is correct?

Accepted Answer

Ghaghara - Gomati - Gandak - Kosi. * (b) is correct: Tracking the major geographic confluences where northern tributaries join the Ganga main channel sequentially from West to East yields the following layout: 1. The Gomati originates from Gomat Taal in Pilibhit, UP, and merges near Varanasi. 2. The Ghaghara originates from glaciers in Tibet and meets the Ganga at Chhapra, Bihar. 3. The Gandak flows out of the Nepal Himalayas to enter Champaran and joins at Sonpur near Patna. 4. The Kosi is an antecedent network draining eastern Nepal that joins the Ganga further east in the Katihar district of Bihar.

Question 6

Consider the following statements:
Statement-I: Rainfall is one of the reasons for weathering of rocks.
Statement-II: Rain water contains carbon dioxide in solution.
Statement-III: Rain water contains atmospheric oxygen.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Accepted Answer

Both Statement-II and Statement-III are correct and both of them explain Statement-I. * (a) is correct: Rainfall triggers the chemical weathering, decomposition, and denudation of exposed rock surfaces, validating Statement-I. * Atmospheric carbon dioxide easily dissolves into falling rainwater, creating a weak carbonic acid solution that reacts with and breaks down minerals like calcium carbonate, validating Statement-II and explaining Statement-I. * Concurrently, rainwater absorbs dissolved atmospheric oxygen, inducing oxidation reactions that rust and crumble iron-bearing minerals inside rock matrices, validating Statement-III and explaining Statement-I. Thus, both statements are correct and provide causal mechanisms for Statement-I.

Question 7

In how many of the above rows is the given information correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

Only one. * Row 1 is incorrectly matched: The Dhuandhar Falls is carved by the Narmada River in the Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh, which is located within the Mahakoshal region, not the Malwa plateau region. * Row 2 is correctly matched: The Hundru Falls drops from a height of 320 feet along the course of the Subarnarekha River on the Ranchi Plateau within the Chota Nagpur region. * Row 3 is incorrectly matched: The Gersoppa (or Jog) Falls is a major plunge waterfall created by the Sharavathi River in Karnataka's Western Ghats, not the Netravati River. * Therefore, only one row (Row 2) is correctly matched.

Question 8

With reference to "water vapour", which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. It is a gas, the amount of which decreases with altitude.
2. Its percentage is maximum at the poles.

Select the answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

1 only. * Statement 1 is correct: Water vapor acts as a highly variable atmospheric gas whose content decreases rapidly with increasing altitude within the troposphere. * Statement 2 is incorrect: The concentration of water vapor is determined by temperature and evaporation, reaching its maximum percentage (~4% by volume) in the warm, wet tropics near the equator, while dropping to less than 1% in dry, freezing polar or desert locations.

Question 9

Consider the following description:
1. Annual and daily range of temperatures is low.
2. Precipitation occurs throughout the year.
3. Precipitation varies between 50 cm 250 cm.

What is this type of climate?

Accepted Answer

Humid subtropical climate. * (d) Marine West coast climate is correct: Also referred to as the British type climate, this system is located in mid-latitude coastal zones under the permanent, continuous influence of the Westerlies. * It is characterized by small daily and annual temperature ranges due to the moderating influence of adjacent oceanic bodies. Frontal or cyclonic storms bring constant oceanic moisture, producing regular precipitation, light drizzle, and fog distributed throughout the year, with total rainfall varying between 50 cm and 250 cm.

Question 10

With reference to "Coriolis force", which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. It increases with increase in wind velocity.
2. It is maximum at the poles and is absent at the equator.

Select the answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

2 only. * Statement 1 is correct: The apparent deflection caused by the Earth's rotation is proportional to velocity; hence, the magnitude of the Coriolis deflection increases as wind velocity increases. * Statement 2 is correct: The Coriolis force is directly proportional to the sine of the latitude. It reaches its maximum intensity at the poles and is completely absent (zero) at the equator.

Question 11

On June 21 every year, which of the following latitude(s) experience(s) a sunlight of more than 12 hours?
1. Equator
2. Tropic of Cancer
3. Tropic of Capricorn
4. Arctic Circle

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

3 and 4. * On June 21 (the Summer Solstice), the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun, with solar rays falling directly over the Tropic of Cancer. * During this event, all locations in the Northern Hemisphere experience extended day lengths exceeding 12 hours, with daylight durations increasing latitudinally northward until reaching continuous 24-hour daylight beyond the Arctic Circle. * Therefore, the Tropic of Cancer (2) and the Arctic Circle (4) experience more than 12 hours of sunlight. (The Equator experiences exactly 12 hours, and the Southern Hemisphere's Tropic of Capricorn experiences under 12 hours).

Geography: 2024 PYQ.

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