Question 1

Identify the river of the Indian sub-continent on the basis of the following information:
1. It has an antecedent drainage system.
2. It flows through three countries.
3. It originates in the Tibetan Plateau and is an important river for irrigation.
4. It does not form distributaries.
Select the answer from the following:

Accepted Answer

Indus. * Sutlej River: The Sutlej is an antecedent river that originates in the "Raksas tal" near Mansarovar lake in Tibet (where it is known as the Langchen Khambab). It flows through three countries (China/Tibet, India, and Pakistan) and enters the Punjab plains via the Shipki La pass. * It serves as a vital irrigation source feeding major networks like the Bhakra Nangal project. Unlike deltaic main rivers like the Brahmaputra, the Sutlej operates as a tributary joining the Indus river system, meaning it does not branch into coastal distributaries.

Question 2

Which of the following with reference to Indian States is/are not correct?
1. Uttar Pradesh shares its boundary with the highest number of other Indian States.
2. Rajasthan shares the longest international border among all Indian States.
3. Sikkim is the only State that shares its boundary with just one other Indian State.
Select the answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

1 and 2. * Statement 2 is incorrect: West Bengal, not Rajasthan, shares the longest international border among Indian states (sharing ~2,217 km with Bangladesh, whereas Rajasthan's border with Pakistan is ~1,070 km). * Statement 3 is incorrect: Sikkim is not the only state bordering just one other state; Meghalaya also shares its land border with only one Indian state (Assam). * Since the question asks for statements that are NOT correct, the answer is (c) 2 and 3.

Question 3

With reference to the climate of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. The climate can be defined as a humid, tropical coastal climate.
2. It receives rainfall from both South-west monsoon and North-east monsoon.
3. Maximum precipitation is between December and May.
Select the answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

1 only. * Statement 1 is correct: The islands feature an equatorial, humid tropical coastal climate with warm temperatures year-round. * Statement 2 is correct: The Andaman and Nicobar Islands experience two distinct monsoon phases—receiving heavy rainfall from both the Southwest Monsoon (June to September) and the Northeast Monsoon (October to December). * Statement 3 is incorrect: Maximum precipitation is received during the Southwest Monsoon period, not between December and May.

Question 4

Which of the following geographical features or phenomena is/are associated with the Peninsular Block of India?
1. Submergence of parts of the western coast due to tectonic activity
2. Presence of residual mountain ranges such as the Veliconda hills and Mahendragiri hills
3. Deep, V-shaped river valleys formed by fast-flowing rivers
Select the answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

1 only. * Statement 1 is correct: Since the Cambrian period, the Peninsular block has stood as a rigid block, with the exception of parts of its western coast which submerged beneath the sea due to vertical tectonic movements and block faulting. * Statement 2 is correct: The Peninsula consists mostly of relict and residual mountains, such as the Veliconda hills, Mahendragiri hills, Nallamala hills, Javadi hills, and the Palkonda range. * Statement 3 is incorrect: Deep, V-shaped river valleys are formed by the youthful, fast-flowing rivers of the Himalayas. River valleys in the older Peninsular Block are shallow with low gradients.

Question 5

Consider the following statements about river bridges connecting India with neighbouring countries:
1. 'Maitri Setu', built over Feni river, connects Ramgarh in India with Sabroom in Bangladesh.
2. Jhulaghat suspension bridge connects India with Myanmar.
3. Mechi bridge and its approaches connect Panitanki Bypass in India with Kakarvitta in Nepal.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Accepted Answer

1 only. * Statement 1 is incorrect: The 1.9-km Maitri Setu bridge over the Feni River connects Sabroom in Tripura (India) with Ramgarh in Bangladesh, not the other way around. * Statement 2 is incorrect: The Jhulaghat suspension bridge over the Kali River connects India (Uttarakhand) with Nepal, not Myanmar. * Statement 3 is correct: The Mechi Bridge is a key trade infrastructure project built over the Mechi River, connecting the Panitanki Bypass in West Bengal (India) to Kakarvitta in Nepal along Asian Highway 02.

Question 6

Which of the following connectivity projects is/are a part of cooperation between India and the ASEAN member countries?
1. Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project
2. IMT Trilateral Highway
3. Agartala-Akhaura Rail Line
Select the answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

1 and 2. * Project 1 is correct: The Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit project connects Kolkata port with Sittwe port in Myanmar, which serves as India's land gateway to the ASEAN bloc. * Project 2 is correct: The India-Myanmar-Thailand (IMT) Trilateral Highway directly strengthens land transport infrastructure linking India with ASEAN member states. * Project 3 is incorrect: The Agartala-Akhaura Rail Line links India with Bangladesh. Because Bangladesh is not an ASEAN member, this project does not fall under India-ASEAN cooperation frameworks.

Question 7

Which of the following countries are members of the European Union?
1. Belarus
2. Poland
3. Germany
4. Switzerland
Select the answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

1 and 4 only. * Belarus (1) is not a member: It holds close political and strategic alignment with Russia instead. * Poland (2) is a member: It joined the EU in 2004 during its major eastern enlargement. * Germany (3) is a member: It is one of the foundational members of the original European Economic Community (EEC) established in 1957. * Switzerland (4) is not a member: While it coordinates with the EU extensively through bilateral economic treaties, it is not an EU member state and belongs to the EFTA trade group instead. * Therefore, only 2 and 3 are members.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about Rare Earth Elements (REEs) and Critical Minerals is/are correct?
1. Modern technological innovations, including Artificial Intelligence, robotics and space exploration extensively utilise Rare Earth Elements (REEs).
2. China has the highest share in mining of REEs followed by India.
3. The Government of India launched the National Critical Mineral Mission (NCMM) in 2025 to establish a robust framework for self-reliance in the critical mineral sector.
4. Rare Earth Elements are a set of 17 metallic elements.
Select the answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

1 and 3 only. * Statement 1 is correct: REEs are critical to manufacturing high-performance magnets, microchips, and electronic sensors used in AI, advanced robotics, and space technology. * Statement 2 is incorrect: China holds the dominant share in global REE mining, but countries like the US or Australia rank next, not India. * Statement 3 is correct: India launched the NCMM in 2025 to scale up domestic exploration, regulate recycling, and support overseas asset acquisition to reduce reliance on mineral imports. * Statement 4 is incorrect: There are 17 Rare Earth Elements in total, comprising the 15 elements of the lanthanide series plus scandium and yttrium.

Geography: 2026 PYQ.

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