Question 1

Consider the following statements:
Statement I: Scientific studies suggest that a shift is taking place in the Earth's rotation and axis.
Statement II: Solar flares and associated coronal mass ejections bombarded the Earth's outermost atmosphere with tremendous amount of energy.
Statement III: As the Earth's polar ice melts, the water tends to move towards the equator.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Accepted Answer

Both Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I. * (b) is correct: Climate change studies show the Earth's rotational speed is slowing and its spin axis is shifting, satisfying Statement I. * Statement II is correct: Solar storms and coronal mass ejections hit the upper atmosphere with extreme energy, causing the thermosphere to expand, though this does not measurably affect the planet's bulk rotational axis. * Statement III is correct: Accelerated polar ice sheet melting shifts mass away from the poles toward the equatorial oceans, which changes the planet's mass distribution, alters its polar motion, and slows down its spin. * Because Statement III provides the explanation for the axial shift (Statement I), while Statement II is a true but unrelated atmospheric event, option (b) is correct.

Question 2

Consider the following pairs:
Plant : Description
I. Cassava : Woody shrub
II. Ginger : Herb with pseudostem
III. Malabar spinach : Herbaceous climber
IV. Mint : Annual shrub
V. Papaya : Woody shrub

How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

Only two. * Pair I is correctly matched: Cassava (tapioca) is a perennial woody shrub cultivated for its starchy tuberous roots. * Pair II is correctly matched: Ginger is a perennial herb that develops a pseudostem made of tightly wrapped leaf bases. * Pair III is correctly matched: Malabar spinach is a fast-growing succulent herbaceous climber. * Pair IV is incorrectly matched: Mint is an aromatic perennial herb that spreads via underground rhizomes, not an annual shrub. * Pair V is incorrectly matched: Papaya appears tree-like but is botanically classified as a large herb with a soft, non-woody trunk, not a woody shrub. * Therefore, three pairs are correctly matched.

Question 3

Consider the following statements about turmeric during the year 2022-23:
I. India is the largest producer and exporter of turmeric in the world.
II. More than 30 varieties of turmeric are grown in India.
III. Maharashtra, Telangana, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu are major turmeric producing States in India.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Accepted Answer

I and III only. * Statement I is correct: India is the largest producer, consumer, and exporter of turmeric in the world, commanding over 62% of the global trade share. * Statement II is correct: India possesses rich agricultural diversity, with more than 30 distinct varieties of turmeric grown across the country. * Statement III is correct: Turmeric is cultivated in over 20 states, with Maharashtra, Telangana, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu acting as the dominant major producing hubs.

Question 4

Which of the following are the evidences of the phenomenon of continental drift?
I. The belt of ancient rocks from Brazil coast matches with those from Western Africa.
II. The gold deposits of Ghana are derived from the Brazil plateau when the two continents lay side by side.
III. The Gondwana system of sediments from India is known to have its counterparts in six different landmasses of the Southern Hemisphere.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Accepted Answer

I and II only. * Statement I is correct: Radiometric matching confirms that a 2,000-million-year-old belt of ancient rocks along the Brazilian coast correlates exactly with rock formations in Western Africa. * Statement II is correct: Thick glacial tillite found at the base of the Gondwana sedimentary sequence in India is mirrored perfectly across five other Southern Hemisphere landmasses (Africa, Falklands, Madagascar, Antarctica, Australia), indicating identical geological histories. * Statement III is correct: Ghana's coast holds rich gold placer deposits despite lacking local source rocks; these match the gold veins found in Brazil, proving the continents lay side-by-side when the gold was deposited.

Question 5

Consider the following statements:
Statement I: The amount of dust particles in the atmosphere is more in subtropical and temperate areas than in equatorial and polar regions.
Statement II: Subtropical and temperate areas have less dry winds.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Accepted Answer

Both Statement I and Statement II are correct but Statement II does not explain Statement I. * Statement I is correct: Higher concentrations of atmospheric dust particles are concentrated in subtropical and temperate regions compared to equatorial and polar zones. * Statement II is not correct: Subtropical and temperate areas are dominated by vast dry, arid, and semi-arid wind systems. This dry air and prevailing wind pattern (not the lack of it) lofts dust particles into lower atmospheric layers, making Statement II false. Thus, option (c) is correct.

Question 6

Consider the following statements:
Statement I: In January, in the Northern Hemisphere, the isotherms bend equatorward while crossing the landmasses, and poleward while crossing the oceans.
Statement II: In January, the air over the oceans is warmer than that over the landmasses in the Northern Hemisphere.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Accepted Answer

Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II explains Statement I. * (a) is correct: In January (winter in the Northern Hemisphere), continental landmasses cool down abruptly while oceans retain heat, making the air over oceans warmer than over land, satisfying Statement II. * Because oceans are warmer, warm ocean currents (like the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic drift) cause equal-temperature lines (isotherms) to bend poleward (northward) over oceans. Over cool landmasses, the temperatures drop sharply, forcing the isotherms to bend equatorward (southward). Thus, Statement II explains the physical behavior described in Statement I.

Question 7

Consider the following statements:
Statement I: In the context of effect of water on rocks, chalk is known as a very permeable rock whereas clay is known as quite an impermeable or least permeable rock.
Statement II: Chalk is porous and hence can absorb water.
Statement III: Clay is not at all porous.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Accepted Answer

Both Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them explains Statement I. * Statement I is correct: Chalk is structurally permeable, allowing groundwater to easily pass through, while tightly structured clay is highly impermeable. * Statement II is correct: Chalk consists of microscopic organic shell deposits, forming a highly porous structure with interconnected pathways that trap and pass water easily, explaining its high permeability. * Statement III is not correct: Clay actually has a high micro-porosity, but because its microscopic particles are packed tightly together, the pore spaces are isolated and not interconnected. This locks out water flow and makes it impermeable, rendering Statement III false. Thus, option (c) is correct.

Question 8

Consider the following statements:
Statement I: Of the two major ethanol producers in the world, i.e., Brazil and the United States of America, the former produces more ethanol than the latter.
Statement II: Unlike in the United States of America where corn is the principal feedstock for ethanol production, sugarcane is the principal feedstock for ethanol production in Brazil.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Accepted Answer

Statement I is correct but Statement II is not correct. * Statement I is not correct: The United States produces significantly more total ethanol than Brazil, with the US generating approximately 16.1 billion gallons and Brazil generating 8.8 billion gallons in 2024. * Statement II is correct: The principal agricultural feedstock processed for ethanol manufacturing in the US is corn, whereas Brazil primarily uses sugarcane to drive its production. Thus, option (d) is correct.

Geography: 2025 PYQ.

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