UPSC Prelims International Relations previous year questions in the "Multi-statement (Traditional Style)" question pattern — real questions with answers and explanations.
2026Current AffairsMulti-statement (Traditional Style)Tech Governance & Summits
Consider the following statements with respect to the AI Impact Summit, 2026 held in New Delhi:
1. The Summit's intellectual framework was based on three foundational Sutras: People, Planning, and Progress.
2. The Preamble of the Summit stresses Democratising AI Resources, which acknowledges the Charter for Democratic Diffusion of AI as a binding framework to support locally relevant innovation and strengthen resilient AI ecosystems while respecting national laws.
3. The New Delhi Declaration on AI Impact was structured around seven Chakras (Pillars), which included Access for Social Empowerment, AI for Science, and Secure and Trusted AI.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A.1, 2 and 3
B.1 and 2 only
C.2 and 3 only
D.3 only
Explanation: * Statement 1 is incorrect: The intellectual framework of the 2026 summit was built on three guiding principles: People, Planet, and Prosperity (not People, Planning, and Progress). * Statement 2 is incorrect: The Preamble supports democratizing AI, but the Charter for Democratic Diffusion of AI was designed as a voluntary, non-binding framework, not a legally binding configuration. * Statement 3 is correct: The signature New Delhi Declaration on AI Impact was structured around seven core pillars or Chakras, which explicitly included Access for Social Empowerment, AI for Science, and Secure and Trusted AI.
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2026Multi-statement (Traditional Style)Regional Groupings & Alliances
Consider the following statements about platforms for multilateral co-operation:
1. The 'Colombo Process' is a regional consultative process in which member states take binding decisions by consensus.
2. The 'Abu Dhabi Dialogue' is a voluntary non-binding consultative process among Asian countries of labour origin and destination to facilitate regional cooperation on contractual labour mobility.
3. The 'Global Forum for Migration and Development', created upon the proposal of a former UN Secretary General, is a voluntary forum whose decisions are non-binding in nature.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A.1, 2 and 3
B.1 and 3 only
C.2 and 3 only
D.2 only
Explanation: * Statement 1 is incorrect: The Colombo Process is a Regional Consultative Process managing overseas employment for Asian labor-sending countries. Its forums and outputs are advisory and consultative, not legally binding. * Statement 2 is correct: The Abu Dhabi Dialogue (established in 2008) acts as a voluntary, non-binding platform that coordinates labor-sending and labor-destination states to smooth contractual labor mobility. * Statement 3 is correct: The Global Forum on Migration and Development (GFMD) was set up in 2006 on the proposal of former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan as an informal, state-led, non-binding platform. * Therefore, statements 2 and 3 are correct.
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2026Current AffairsMulti-statement (Traditional Style)Bilateral Relations & Policy
The Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany visited India in January, 2026. Which of the following is/are not correct in terms of outcomes of this visit?
1. Signing of a Memorandum of Understanding between the All India Institute of Ayurveda and the University of Hamburg
2. Signing of a Memorandum of Understanding on Youth Hockey Development between Hockey India and the German Hockey Federation
3. Establishment of a bilateral dialogue mechanism on the Indo-Pacific
4. Opening of an Honorary Consul of Germany in Lucknow
Select the answer using the code given below:
A.2 and 3
B.1 and 4
C.3 and 4
D.1 only
Explanation: * Option 1 is not correct: The bilateral leaders welcomed an MoU signed between the All-India Institute of Ayurveda and Charité University of Germany to promote scientific cooperation, not the University of Hamburg. * Option 2 is correct: A specialized MoU covering Youth Hockey Development was signed. * Option 3 is correct: A formal bilateral dialogue mechanism covering the Indo-Pacific was established. * Option 4 is not correct: The opening of an Honorary Consul of Germany was agreed for Ahmedabad, not Lucknow. * Since the question asks for outcomes that are NOT correct, the answer is (b) 1 and 4.
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2025Current AffairsMulti-statement (Traditional Style)Regional Groupings & Alliances
Consider the following statements in respect of BIMSTEC:
I. It is a regional organization consisting of seven member States till January 2025.
II. It came into existence with the signing of the Dhaka Declaration, 1999.
III. Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Nepal are founding member States of BIMSTEC.
IV. In BIMSTEC, the subsector of 'tourism' is being led by India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A.I and II
B.II and III
C.I and IV
D.I only
Explanation: * Statement I is correct: BIMSTEC comprises seven Member States (Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Myanmar, Bhutan, and Nepal). * Statement II is not correct: It was established on 06 June 1997 with the signing of the Bangkok Declaration, not the Dhaka Declaration of 1999. * Statement III is not correct: The founding member states were Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand (initially BIST-EC); Nepal joined later in February 2004. * Statement IV is not correct: Reorganized in 2021, India leads the Security sector, while Nepal is the lead country for the Tourism subsector.
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2025Current AffairsMulti-statement (Traditional Style)Tech Governance & Summits
Consider the following statements regarding AI Action Summit held in Grand Palais, Paris in February 2025:
I. Co-chaired with India, the event builds on the advances made at the Bletchley Park Summit held in 2023 and the Seoul Summit held in 2024.
II. Along with other countries, US and UK also signed the declaration on inclusive and sustainable AI.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A.I only
B.II only
C.Both I and II
D.Neither I nor II
Explanation: * Statement I is correct: The AI Action Summit held at the Grand Palais in Paris in February 2025 was co-chaired by France and India, building upon the Bletchley Park Summit (2023) and the Seoul Summit (2024). * Statement II is not correct: While the summit introduced a declaration on inclusive and sustainable AI, the United States and the United Kingdom declined to sign it due to national security concerns.
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2025Current AffairsMulti-statement (Traditional Style)Regional Groupings & Alliances
Consider the following statements with regard to BRICS:
I. 16th BRICS Summit was held under the Chairship of Russia in Kazan.
II. Indonesia has become a full member of BRICS.
III. The theme of the 16th BRICS Summit was Strengthening Multiculturalism for Just Global Development and Security.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A.I and II
B.II and III
C.I and III
D.I only
Explanation: * Statement I is correct: The 16th BRICS Summit took place in Kazan with Russia as the chair, marking the first summit with expanded membership. * Statement II is correct: Indonesia officially joined BRICS as a full member, announced by Brazil, the holder of the 2025 BRICS presidency. * Statement III is not correct: The actual theme of the summit was "Strengthening Multilateralism for Just Global Development and Security," using the word multilateralism, not multiculturalism.
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2025Multi-statement (Traditional Style)Global Institutions & UN
Consider the following statements in respect of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD):
I. It provides loans and guarantees to middle income countries.
II. It works single-handedly to help developing countries to reduce poverty.
III. It was established to help Europe rebuild after the World War II.
A.I and II only
B.II and III only
C.I and III only
D.I, II and III
Explanation: * Statement I is correct: As a global development cooperative owned by 189 member nations, the IBRD operates as the largest development bank worldwide, extending structural loans, financial guarantees, risk management products, and advisory services to middle-income and creditworthy low-income countries. * Statement II is incorrect: The IBRD does not work single-handedly; it coordinates closely with the other institutions of the World Bank Group alongside public and private entities in developing countries to reduce poverty and foster shared prosperity. * Statement III is correct: The IBRD was originally created in 1944 specifically to help European nations rebuild their infrastructure in the aftermath of World War II, later joining with the IDA to form the core of the World Bank.
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2024Multi-statement (Traditional Style)Global Institutions & UN
Consider the following statements regarding World Toilet Organization:
1. It is one of the agencies of the United Nations.
2. World Toilet Summit, World Toilet Day and World Toilet College are the initiatives of this organization, to inspire action to tackle the global sanitation crisis.
3. The main focus of its function is to grant funds to the least developed countries and developing countries to achieve the end of open defecation.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A.2 only
B.3 only
C.1 and 2
D.2 and 3
Explanation: * Statement 1 is incorrect: The World Toilet Organization (WTO), founded in 2001, is an independent global non-profit non-governmental organization, not an official agency of the United Nations (though it achieved UN ECOSOC consultative status in 2013). * Statement 2 is correct: To raise public health awareness, the WTO created and coordinates major global awareness initiatives, including the World Toilet Summit, World Toilet Day, and the World Toilet College. * Statement 3 is incorrect: The primary focus of the organization is capacity building, public health advocacy, and local marketplace training, rather than acting as a direct financial aid or fund-granting body for developing nations.
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2024Multi-statement (Traditional Style)Regional Groupings & Alliances
Consider the following statements:
1. India is a member of the International Grains Council.
2. A country needs to be a member of the International Grains Council for exporting or importing rice and wheat.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A.1 only
B.2 only
C.Both 1 and 2
D.Neither 1 nor 2
Explanation: * Statement 1 is correct: India is a formal signatory to the International Grains Agreement, 1995, and functions as an active exporting member country within the International Grains Council (IGC). * Statement 2 is incorrect: Membership in the International Grains Council is a voluntary intergovernmental forum for information sharing and market analysis; it is not a mandatory legal prerequisite for any nation to engage in the global import or export trade of wheat and rice.
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