Question 1

Consider the following statements regarding temperature variations across India:
1. The diurnal range of temperature in the Thar desert can exceed 30°C.
2. The annual range of temperature is significantly greater in coastal regions like Kerala compared to continental interiors like Rajasthan.
3. On a winter night, the temperature difference between Drass in Ladakh and Chennai can be more than 65°C.
How many of the above statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

Only two. Statement 1 is correct. In the Thar desert, day temperatures can be around 50°C, while at night, they may drop to 15°-20°C. This results in a diurnal range of 30°C to 35°C, which exceeds 30°C. Statement 2 is incorrect. It reverses the principle of continentality. Coastal regions like Kerala, under maritime influence, have a low temperature range (a diurnal range of only 7-8°C), whereas continental interiors experience temperature extremes, leading to a high annual range. Statement 3 is correct. On a winter night, temperatures in Drass may drop to minus 45°C, while Chennai records 22°C. The absolute difference is 22 - (-45) = 67°C, which is more than 65°C. Therefore, only two statements are correct.

Question 2

Consider the following statements about India's climate:
1. Climate is defined as the average of weather conditions noted over a period of 50 years or even more.
2. The climate of India is broadly classified as hot monsoonal, a classification unique to the Indian subcontinent.
3. Regional climatic variations are significant, with the climate of Kerala being distinctly different from that of Uttar Pradesh, despite both being under the monsoon regime.
How many of the above statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

Only two. Statement 1 is correct. Climate refers to the average of weather conditions over a long period, which may be 50 years or more, as opposed to weather, which is a momentary state. Statement 2 is incorrect. While India has a hot monsoonal climate, this type is not unique to the subcontinent. It is the prevalent climate in the broader region of south and southeast Asia. Statement 3 is correct. Despite the overall monsoon unity, India exhibits significant regional climatic diversity. For instance, the climate of southern states like Kerala is markedly different from that of northern states like Uttar Pradesh in terms of temperature patterns and the degree of wetness. Therefore, only two statements are correct.

Question 3

With reference to regional variations in precipitation in India, consider the following statements:
1. During the peak southwest monsoon months of July and August, the Coromandel coast receives heavy rainfall while the Ganga delta remains dry.
2. A single day's rainfall in Tura, located in the Garo Hills, can equal the total rainfall Jaisalmer receives over a decade.
3. The annual precipitation in some parts of the western deserts, like Jaisalmer, is typically less than 10 cm.
How many of the above statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

Only two. Statement 1 is incorrect. This is a spatial swap. The text states the opposite: 'The Ganga delta and the coastal plains of Odisha are hit by strong rain-bearing storms almost every third or fifth day in July and August while the Coromandal coast, a thousand km to the south, goes generally dry during these months.' Statement 2 is correct. The text explicitly states that Tura 'may receive an amount of rainfall in a single day which is equal to 10 years of rainfall at Jaisalmer.' A decade is 10 years, so this statement is accurate. Statement 3 is correct. The text mentions that Jaisalmer 'rarely gets more than 9 cm of rainfall' and that annual precipitation is 'less than 10 cm in the north-west Himalayas and the western deserts.' This confirms the statement. Therefore, only two statements are correct.

Question 4

Consider the following statements regarding the factors that determine the climate of India:
1. The part of India lying south of the Tropic of Cancer experiences an extreme climate with a high annual range of temperature.
2. The Himalayas trap the monsoon winds, forcing them to shed their moisture primarily outside the Indian subcontinent.
3. Due to the moderating influence of the sea, cities like Delhi and Kanpur experience an equable climate with a small annual temperature range.
How many of the above statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

None. All three statements are incorrect.
Statement 1 is incorrect. The area north of the Tropic of Cancer experiences an extreme climate with a high annual range of temperature. The part south of the Tropic of Cancer, being in the tropical zone, experiences high temperatures throughout the year with a small daily and annual range.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The Himalayas act as a climatic divide that traps monsoon winds, forcing them to shed their moisture within the subcontinent, not outside of it. This is a primary reason for rainfall in the northern plains.
Statement 3 is incorrect. Delhi and Kanpur are located in the interior of the country, far from the moderating influence of the sea. Consequently, they experience extremes of climate and significant seasonal contrasts, not an equable climate.

Question 5

Consider the following rows matching the traditional Indian seasons with their corresponding months according to both the Indian and Gregorian calendars:
Row 1: Grishma | Jyaistha-Asadha | May-June
Row 2: Varsha | Asvina-Kartika | July-August
Row 3: Hemanta | Margashirsa-Pausa | November-December
In how many of the above rows is the season correctly matched with BOTH its Indian and Gregorian calendar months?

Accepted Answer

Only two rows. Only two rows are correctly matched.
Row 1 is correct. The season Grishma corresponds to the Indian months of Jyaistha-Asadha and the Gregorian months of May-June.
Row 2 is incorrect. While the Gregorian months for Varsha are July-August, the corresponding Indian months are Sravana-Bhadra, not Asvina-Kartika. Asvina-Kartika corresponds to the Sharada season.
Row 3 is correct. The season Hemanta corresponds to the Indian months of Margashirsa-Pausa and the Gregorian months of November-December.

Question 6

With reference to global warming and its consequences, consider the following statements:
1. Greenhouse gases such as methane and chlorofluorocarbons are less effective absorbers of long-wave radiation compared to carbon dioxide.
2. Current scientific predictions estimate an average sea level rise of approximately 48 cm by the end of the twenty-first century.
3. A projected global temperature increase of about 2°C by the year 2100 is expected to cause changes such as the shifting of climatic boundaries.
How many of the above statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

Only two. Statement 1 is incorrect. Greenhouse gases like methane and chlorofluorocarbons are significantly more potent absorbers of long-wave radiation per molecule than carbon dioxide, making them more effective at enhancing the greenhouse effect. The statement incorrectly reverses this scientific fact. Statement 2 is correct. Current climate models and scientific projections estimate an average sea level rise of approximately 48 cm by the end of the twenty-first century due to thermal expansion of seawater and melting of glaciers and ice sheets. Statement 3 is correct. A projected global temperature increase of about 2°C by 2100 is a standard benchmark in climate projections. One of the major consequences of such warming is the shifting of climatic boundaries, as temperature and precipitation patterns are altered globally. Therefore, only two statements (2 and 3) are correct.

Question 7

Consider the following statements regarding the onset and characteristics of the Indian Southwest Monsoon:
1. On approximately 1st June, the monsoon arrives simultaneously over the southern tip of the peninsula and some states in Northeast India.
2. The normal date of monsoon onset for Mumbai is the same as that for Nagpur.
3. The monsoon trough, a low-pressure zone, is typically located over the Gangetic plain around 20°N - 25°N latitudes in July.
How many of the above statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

All three. Statement 1 is correct. The spatial data indicates that the 1st June onset line for the southwest monsoon covers not only the Kerala coast (southern tip of the peninsula) but also extends to the northeastern states of Mizoram and Tripura.
Statement 2 is correct. The map data shows that the 10th June onset line passes through both Mumbai on the west coast and Nagpur in central India, indicating they share the same normal date of onset.
Statement 3 is correct. The text specifies that in July, the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) shifts to a position around 20°N - 25°N latitudes over the Gangetic plain, and this is referred to as the monsoon trough. Therefore, all three statements are correct.

Question 8

Consider the following statements:
Statement I: The southwest monsoon winds blowing towards the Indian subcontinent are essentially a continuation of the southeast trade winds.
Statement II: During the summer, the intense heating of the Indian landmass leads to the northward shift of the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) over the Gangetic plain.
Statement III: The southeast trade winds, upon crossing the Equator, are deflected to their right due to the Coriolis force, changing their direction to southwest.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Accepted Answer

Statements II and III are correct and they provide the complete explanation for Statement I.. Statement I is a correct assertion. The southwest monsoon is not a separate wind system but the continuation of the southeast trades from the Southern Hemisphere. Statement II is correct and explains the 'pull' factor; the low pressure over India due to the ITCZ shift draws the winds across the equator. Statement III is also correct and explains the 'deflection' mechanism; the Coriolis force turns these winds to the right in the Northern Hemisphere, making them southwesterly. Together, the northward pull (Statement II) and the directional change due to Earth's rotation (Statement III) fully account for the phenomenon described in Statement I. Therefore, Statements II and III are correct and provide the complete explanation for Statement I.

Question 9

Consider the following statements related to monsoon phenomena:
1. A 'break in the monsoon' over India's west coast is typically associated with days when winds blow parallel to the coast.
2. El-Niño is a weather phenomenon characterized by the appearance of an unusually cold current off the coast of Peru, which distorts equatorial atmospheric circulation.
3. In northern India, a 'break in the monsoon' is likely to occur if the rain-bearing storms are not frequent along the monsoon trough.
How many of the above statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

Only two. Statement 1 is correct. A 'break in the monsoon' on the west coast is characterized by dry spells that occur when the prevailing winds shift to blow parallel to the coastline, rather than onshore. Statement 2 is incorrect. This statement contains a factual error regarding the nature of El-Niño. The phenomenon is associated with the appearance of an anomalous warm current off the coast of Peru in the Eastern Pacific, not a cold current. This warming of the surface water disrupts normal weather patterns. Statement 3 is correct. In the context of northern India, a 'break in the monsoon' is directly linked to the activity along the monsoon trough (or ITCZ). A lack of frequent rain-bearing storms along this trough leads to prolonged dry spells. Since statements 1 and 3 are correct, the correct option is 'Only two'.

Question 10

With reference to the mechanics of the Indian Monsoon, consider the following statements:
1. The Southwest Monsoon is essentially a continuation of the southeast trade winds, which get deflected after crossing the Equator.
2. The Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is a high-pressure zone where trade winds diverge, leading to atmospheric subsidence.
3. In July, the ITCZ, also known as the monsoon trough, is typically located over the Gangetic plain around 20°N - 25°N latitudes.
How many of the above statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

Only two. Statement 1 is correct. The Southwest Monsoon originates as the southeast trade winds in the Southern Hemisphere. Upon crossing the Equator, the Coriolis force deflects them towards the right, causing them to approach the Indian subcontinent from a southwesterly direction. Statement 2 is incorrect. This statement reverses the fundamental characteristics of the ITCZ. It is a zone of low pressure, not high pressure, and it is defined by the convergence of trade winds, not their divergence. This convergence forces the air to ascend, leading to cloud formation and precipitation. Statement 3 is correct. During the summer in the Northern Hemisphere, the ITCZ shifts northward following the apparent movement of the sun. Its position over the Gangetic plain at approximately 20°N - 25°N latitude in July creates the 'monsoon trough,' which is a key driver of the monsoon. Since statements 1 and 3 are correct, the correct answer is 'Only two'.

Question 11

Consider the following rows regarding local storms during the hot weather season in India:
Row 1: Mango Shower : Kerala and coastal Karnataka : Useful for tea, jute and rice cultivation.
Row 2: Nor Westers : Bengal and Assam : Locally known as 'Kalbaisakhi' in Assam.
Row 3: Loo : Northern plains from Punjab to Bihar : Hot, dry and oppressing winds with highest intensity between Delhi and Patna.
In how many of the above rows is the information correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

Only one row. Row 1 is incorrectly matched. While Mango Showers occur in Kerala and coastal Karnataka, they are noted for helping in the early ripening of mangoes. The utility for tea, jute, and rice cultivation is associated with Nor Westers. Row 2 is incorrectly matched. Nor Westers are known as 'Kalbaisakhi' in Bengal, not Assam. In Assam, they are called 'Bardoisila'. Row 3 is correctly matched. Loo are hot, dry, and oppressing winds in the Northern plains (Punjab to Bihar), with their intensity being particularly high between Delhi and Patna. Therefore, only one row (Row 3) is correctly matched.

Question 12

Consider the following statements regarding the temperature conditions during India's Hot Weather Season:
1. In May, temperatures around 48°C are not uncommon in Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh as the heat belt moves northwards.
2. Due to the moderating effect of the oceans, temperatures in peninsular India generally remain between 26°C and 32°C.
3. The arrangement of isotherms parallel to the coast confirms that temperature increases as one moves from the coast to the interior.
How many of the above statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

Only two. Statement 1 is incorrect. The text specifies that in May, temperatures around 48°C are found in the 'north-western part of India.' It mentions Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh in the context of April, with temperatures between 38°C and 43°C. This is a spatial-temporal swap. Statement 2 is correct. The text explicitly states that in south India, 'temperatures remain between 26°C and 32°C' due to the 'moderating effect of the oceans.' Statement 3 is correct. The text confirms this by stating, '...temperature does not decrease from north to south rather it increases from the coast to the interior.' Therefore, only two statements (2 and 3) are correct.

Question 13

Consider the following statements regarding the Hot Weather Season in India:
1. In South India, the hot weather season is more intense than in North India due to the moderating effect of the oceans.
2. The hot, dry winds known as 'Loo' are characteristic of the afternoon hours in the north-western parts of India.
3. In coastal regions, isotherms run parallel to the coast, and temperature generally increases as one moves from the coast towards the interior.
How many of the above statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

Only two. Statement 1 is incorrect. This is a causality reversal. The moderating effect of the oceans makes the hot weather season in South India milder and less intense, with temperatures typically between 26°C and 32°C, unlike in North India. Statement 2 is correct. The 'Loo' are hot, dry winds that blow in the afternoon, specifically identified as occurring in the north-western part of India, which is the heart of the ITCZ during this season. Statement 3 is correct. The orientation of isotherms parallel to the coast indicates that temperature increases with distance from the sea, moving from the coast to the interior. Therefore, only two statements (2 and 3) are correct.

Question 14

Read the following two statements regarding the atmospheric conditions during India's Hot Weather Season.
Statement I: An elongated low-pressure monsoon trough extends from the Thar desert in the north-west to the Chotanagpur plateau in the east-southeast.
Statement II: This trough is a direct consequence of the northward shift of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) due to the intense heating of the Indian subcontinent.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Accepted Answer

Both Statement I and Statement II are individually true and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I.. Statement I is true. The text describes the formation of a low-pressure system during the summer, specifying its geographical extent from the Thar desert to the Chotanagpur plateau. Statement II is also true. The text directly links the formation of this trough to the seasonal heating and the resultant northward migration of the ITCZ. The trough is the surface manifestation of the ITCZ over the subcontinent. Therefore, both statements are individually true, and Statement II provides the correct scientific explanation for the phenomenon described in Statement I.

Question 15

Consider the following statements regarding the branches of the monsoon winds originating over the Arabian Sea: 1. The branch obstructed by the Western Ghats causes very heavy rainfall, between 250 cm and 400 cm, on the leeward side, which is known as the rain-shadow area. 2. The branch moving along the Narmada and Tapi river valleys causes extensive rainfall in central India and provides approximately 15 cm of rainfall to the Chotanagpur plateau. 3. The third branch, after striking the Saurashtra Peninsula, passes over west Rajasthan and along the Aravali Hills, eventually joining the Bay of Bengal branch in the western Himalayas. How many of the above statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

Only one. Statement 1 is incorrect. The windward side of the Western Ghats receives heavy rainfall (250-400 cm). The leeward side, which is the region east of the Western Ghats, is the rain-shadow area and receives little rainfall because the descending winds get heated up, reducing humidity. Statement 2 is correct. A branch of the Arabian Sea monsoon moves along the Narmada and Tapi valleys, causing rain in central India. The text explicitly states that the Chotanagpur plateau gets 15 cm of rainfall from this branch. Statement 3 is incorrect. While the branch does pass over west Rajasthan and along the Aravalis, it joins the Bay of Bengal branch in Punjab and Haryana, not the western Himalayas directly. These two branches then reinforce each other to cause rainfall in the western Himalayas. Therefore, only one statement is correct.

Question 16

Consider the following statements regarding the Season of Retreating Monsoon: 1. This season is characterized by widespread rain in north India, while the eastern part of the Peninsula remains largely dry. 2. The oppressive weather phenomenon known as 'October heat' is primarily caused by conditions of high temperature and high humidity over the still-moist land. 3. The bulk of the rainfall for the Coromandel coast during this period is derived from cyclonic depressions that originate over the Arabian Sea. How many of the above statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

Only one. Statement 1 is incorrect. This is a spatial swap. The text states that the weather in the retreating monsoon is dry in north India but is associated with rain in the eastern part of the Peninsula. Statement 2 is correct. The text explicitly mentions that 'Owing to the conditions of high temperature and humidity, the weather becomes rather oppressive. This is commonly known as the ‘October heat’.' Statement 3 is incorrect. The text specifies that the widespread rain and cyclonic depressions originate over the Andaman Sea and cross the eastern coast. It also notes that such cyclonic storms are less frequent in the Arabian Sea. Therefore, only one statement is correct.

Question 17

Consider the following rows regarding the Southwest Monsoon: Row 1: Bay of Bengal Branch - Enters West Bengal and Bangladesh from a south-westerly direction. Row 2: Tamil Nadu Coast - Remains dry as it is situated in the rain-shadow area of the Bay of Bengal branch. Row 3: Mawsynram - Receives the world's highest average annual rainfall and is located on the crest of the Garo hills. In how many of the above rows is the given information correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

None of the rows. Row 1 is incorrectly matched. The text states that the Arakan Hills deflect the monsoon, causing it to enter West Bengal and Bangladesh from the 'south and southeast instead of from the south-westerly direction'. Row 2 is incorrectly matched. The text provides two reasons for the Tamil Nadu coast remaining dry: (i) it is parallel to the Bay of Bengal branch, and (ii) it lies in the rain-shadow area of the Arabian Sea branch, not the Bay of Bengal branch. Row 3 is incorrectly matched. While Mawsynram does receive the highest average annual rainfall, the text specifies it is located on the crest of the Khasi hills, not the Garo hills. Therefore, none of the rows are correctly matched.

Question 18

With reference to the cold weather season in India, consider the following statements:
1. Feeble high pressure conditions develop over the northwestern plain, with the 1019 mb isobar typically passing through this region.
2. The direction of light winds in the Ganga Valley is predominantly northerly, shifting to northeasterly over the Bay of Bengal.
3. The cyclonic depressions affecting northwestern India originate over the east Mediterranean Sea and augment their moisture from the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea.
How many of the above statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

Only two. Statement 1 is correct. The content specifies that during this season, feeble high pressure conditions characterize the weather over the northwestern plain, and the 1019 mb isobar passes through this area. Statement 2 is incorrect. The topography influences the wind direction. Down the Ganga Valley, the winds are described as westerly or northwesterly, not predominantly northerly. They become northerly in the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta. This represents a spatial swap of wind characteristics. Statement 3 is correct. The passage clearly identifies the origin of these shallow cyclonic depressions as the east Mediterranean Sea and notes that their moisture content is augmented from both the Caspian Sea and the Persian Gulf en route to India. Therefore, only two statements are correct.

Question 19

Consider the following statements regarding temperature patterns in India:
Statement-I: The Peninsular region of India does not experience a well-defined cold weather season, with coastal areas showing minimal seasonal temperature changes.
Statement-II: The moderating influence of the sea and the region's proximity to the equator are the primary reasons for the stable temperature patterns in coastal peninsular India.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Accepted Answer

Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I.. Statement-I is correct. The provided information confirms that the Peninsular region lacks a distinct cold season, and its coastal areas exhibit very little seasonal variation in temperature distribution. Statement-II is also correct. The text attributes this lack of seasonal temperature variation in coastal areas specifically to the 'moderating influence of the sea and the proximity to equator.' Since Statement-II provides the precise causal factors for the phenomenon described in Statement-I, it serves as the correct explanation.

Question 20

Consider the following statements regarding the onset of the Southwest Monsoon in India:
1. The monsoon typically arrives in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands about a week before it reaches the mainland coast of Kerala.
2. The Arabian Sea branch of the monsoon reaches Mumbai before the Bay of Bengal branch reaches Kolkata.
3. The cities of Delhi, Lucknow, and Bhopal lie on or very near the same monsoon onset line of June 15th.
How many of the above statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

Only two. Statement 1 is correct. The monsoon arrives in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands around May 25th, which is approximately a week before its typical arrival on the Kerala coast in early June. Statement 2 is incorrect. The Bay of Bengal branch reaches Kolkata around June 5th, whereas the Arabian Sea branch reaches Mumbai around June 10th. The sequence is reversed in the statement. Statement 3 is correct. The high-yield hooks derived from the onset map confirm that Delhi, Lucknow, and Bhopal all share the same approximate onset date of June 15th. Therefore, only two statements are correct.

Question 21

Consider the following rows matching a region with its rainfall characteristic:
Row 1: Tamil Nadu Coast - Receives 60-100 cm of rainfall during the Southwest Monsoon season due to its location in the rain-shadow of the Arabian Sea branch.
Row 2: Aravalli Range - Its orientation perpendicular to the monsoon winds results in heavy orographic rainfall in western Rajasthan.
Row 3: Ladakh - Classified as a cold desert, it is one of the two major regions in India receiving less than 50 cm of annual rainfall.
In how many of the above rows is the given information correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

Only two rows. Row 1 is correctly matched. The Tamil Nadu coast lies in the rain-shadow of the Arabian Sea branch of the Southwest Monsoon and receives relatively low rainfall (60-100 cm) during this season. Row 2 is incorrectly matched. The Aravalli range is oriented parallel, not perpendicular, to the monsoon winds. This orientation prevents it from being an effective barrier, leading to low rainfall in Rajasthan, not heavy rainfall. This is a causality reversal. Row 3 is correctly matched. The text and map analysis identify two distinct low annual rainfall zones (<50 cm): the hot desert of Thar in Rajasthan and the cold desert of Ladakh. Therefore, two rows are correctly matched.

Question 22

Consider the following statements regarding the distribution of rainfall in India:
1. The Brahmaputra valley and its adjoining hills receive rainfall exceeding 200 cm annually.
2. The interior Deccan Plateau, including parts of Maharashtra and Karnataka, typically receives annual rainfall between 50-100 cm.
3. Ladakh and the rain-shadow area immediately east of the Sahyadris receive inadequate rainfall, defined as below 50 cm annually.
How many of the above statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

Only two. Statement 1 is incorrect. The Brahmaputra valley and its adjoining hills are classified as receiving less than 200 cm of rainfall, distinguishing them from the very high-rainfall zones of the nearby Meghalaya hills. Statement 2 is correct. The Deccan Plateau as a whole is categorized under 'Areas of Low Rainfall', which are defined as receiving between 50-100 cm. This range applies to the broader interior plateau region. Statement 3 is correct. Both Ladakh and the leeward (rain-shadow) side of the Western Ghats (Sahyadris) are classified as 'Areas of Inadequate Rainfall', receiving below 50 cm annually. The rain-shadow effect east of the Ghats is particularly pronounced, with rainfall dropping below 40 cm. Therefore, only two statements (2 and 3) are correct.

Question 23

Based on the distribution of annual rainfall in India, consider the following rows:
Row 1: Tamil Nadu Coast : 50-100 cm
Row 2: Central Brahmaputra Valley : 50-100 cm
Row 3: Windward side of Western Ghats : More than 200 cm
In how many of the above rows is the region correctly matched with its annual rainfall category?

Accepted Answer

Only two rows. Row 1 is incorrectly matched. The 'Spatial Intelligence' for the Annual Rainfall map indicates that the Tamil Nadu Coast falls in the 100-200 cm annual rainfall zone, largely due to the retreating northeast monsoon. The 50-100 cm range is incorrect for the coast. Row 2 is correctly matched. The 'Spatial Intelligence' for the Annual Rainfall map explicitly notes a 'drier pocket (50-100 cm) in the central Brahmaputra valley', which is an exception to the generally high rainfall in the Northeast. Row 3 is correctly matched. The text under 'Areas of High Rainfall' and the 'Spatial Intelligence' for both maps consistently state that the windward side of the Western Ghats receives the highest rainfall, exceeding 200 cm. Therefore, only two rows (2 and 3) are correctly matched.

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