Question 1

With reference to India's water resources, consider the following statements:
1. India possesses approximately 4% of the world's total water resources.
2. The total replenishable groundwater resources in the country are estimated to be greater than the utilizable surface water.
3. The total usable water resource in the country is approximately 1,122 cubic km.

How many of the above statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

Only two. Statement 1 is correct. India accounts for about 4% of the world's water resources while having about 2.45% of the world's surface area. Statement 2 is incorrect. The total replenishable groundwater resources are about 432 cubic km. The utilizable surface water, which is the portion that can be effectively used due to various constraints, is about 690 cubic km. Therefore, the replenishable groundwater (432 cubic km) is less than the utilizable surface water (690 cubic km). Statement 3 is correct. The total usable water resource in the country, which is the sum of utilizable surface and groundwater, is 1,122 cubic km. Since statements 1 and 3 are correct, the correct option is (b).

Question 2

Consider the following statements regarding India's surface water resources:
1. The Ganga, Brahmaputra, and Indus river systems combined account for more than half of India's total surface water resources.
2. The catchment areas of the Ganga, Brahmaputra, and Indus river systems cover approximately one-third of India's total geographical area.
3. The annual water flow of the Brahmaputra and Ganga basins has been largely harnessed, in contrast to major South Indian rivers like the Godavari and Krishna.

How many of the above statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

Only two. Statement 1 is correct. The Ganga, Brahmaputra, and Indus river systems collectively account for 60 percent of the total surface water resources in India, which is more than half. Statement 2 is correct. These three major river systems cover about one-third of the total area of the country. Statement 3 is incorrect. The statement reverses the reality of water utilization. Much of the annual water flow in south Indian rivers like the Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri has been harnessed. Conversely, in the Brahmaputra and Ganga basins, the water resources are yet to be significantly harnessed. Therefore, only two statements are correct.

Question 3

Consider the following statements regarding groundwater utilisation in India:
1. The level of groundwater utilisation is relatively high in the river basins of the north-western region.
2. States such as Chhattisgarh and Kerala utilise a large proportion of their groundwater potential.
3. Gujarat and Maharashtra are categorised as states utilising their groundwater resources at a high rate.

How many of the above statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

Only one. Statement 1 is correct. The river basins in the north-western region of India are characterized by a relatively high level of groundwater utilisation. Statement 2 is incorrect. States such as Chhattisgarh and Kerala utilize only a small proportion of their groundwater potentials, not a large one. Statement 3 is incorrect. Gujarat and Maharashtra are classified as states that utilize their groundwater resources at a moderate rate, which is distinct from a high rate of utilization. Therefore, only one of the given statements is correct.

Question 4

Consider the following statements:
Statement I: The Ganga, Brahmaputra, and Indus river systems contribute to about 60 percent of India's total surface water resources.
Statement II: These river systems have vast catchment areas and receive relatively high precipitation, while covering only about one-third of the country's total area.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Accepted Answer

Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II is the correct explanation for Statement I.. Statement I is factually correct; the Ganga, Brahmaputra, and Indus river systems collectively account for 60% of India's total surface water resources. Statement II is also factually correct; these rivers are distinguished by their huge catchment areas and high precipitation levels, despite their basins covering only about one-third of the country's total land area. The disproportionately high contribution to surface water (Statement I) is a direct consequence of the large collection areas (catchments) and significant water input (high precipitation) described in Statement II. Therefore, Statement II provides the precise causal explanation for the phenomenon described in Statement I.

Question 5

Consider the following statements regarding India's water resources:
1. India possesses approximately 4% of the world's water resources to support about 17% of the world's population.
2. Out of the total available surface water, only about one-third (approximately 690 cubic km) can be utilised due to topographical and hydrological constraints.
3. The total usable water resource in the country, combining both surface and groundwater, is 1,869 cubic km.
How many of the above statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

Only two. Statement 1 is correct. India accounts for 4% of the world's water resources while holding over 17% of the world's population. Statement 2 is correct. The total available surface water is 1,869 cubic km, of which only about 690 cubic km (32%, or roughly one-third) is utilizable. Statement 3 is incorrect. The figure 1,869 cubic km represents the total *availability* from surface water and replenishable groundwater, not the *total usable* water resource. The total usable water resource in the country is only 1,122 cubic km. Therefore, only two statements are correct.

Question 6

Consider the following statements regarding water utilisation in India:
1. Agriculture's share in groundwater utilisation is more than 90 per cent.
2. The industrial sector's share in surface water utilisation is less than its share in groundwater utilisation.
3. The domestic sector's share in surface water utilisation is more than three times its share in groundwater utilisation.
How many of the above statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

Only two. Statement 1 is correct. Agriculture accounts for 92 per cent of groundwater utilisation, which is a figure greater than 90 per cent. Statement 2 is correct. The industrial sector's share in surface water utilisation is 2 per cent, while its share in groundwater utilisation is 5 per cent. Therefore, its share in surface water (2%) is less than its share in groundwater (5%). Statement 3 is incorrect. The domestic sector's share in surface water utilisation is 9 per cent. The share of groundwater utilisation is distributed as 92 per cent for agriculture and 5 per cent for industry, leaving 3 per cent for the domestic sector (100 - 92 - 5 = 3). The domestic share in surface water (9 per cent) is exactly three times its share in groundwater (3 per cent), not 'more than' three times. The precision of the phrase 'more than' renders the statement inaccurate. Thus, only two statements are correct.

Question 7

Consider the following consequences of intensive irrigation and groundwater over-extraction in India:
1. Increased soil salinity in Punjab and Haryana.
2. Increased fluoride concentration in groundwater in West Bengal and Bihar.
3. Increased arsenic concentration in groundwater in Rajasthan and Maharashtra.
How many of the above statements are correctly stated?

Accepted Answer

Only one. Statement 1 is correct. Intensive irrigation, particularly in agriculturally advanced states like Punjab and Haryana, has led to a significant increase in soil salinity. Statement 2 is incorrect. Increased arsenic concentration, not fluoride, is the major groundwater contamination issue in parts of West Bengal and Bihar. Statement 3 is incorrect. Increased fluoride concentration, not arsenic, is the major groundwater contamination issue due to over-withdrawals in states like Rajasthan and Maharashtra. The statement swaps the contaminants and their respective affected regions. Therefore, only one statement is correctly stated.

Question 8

Consider the following pairs regarding the consequences of groundwater over-use in specific regions:
Row 1: Punjab - Increased soil salinity
Row 2: Rajasthan - Increased arsenic concentration
Row 3: West Bengal - Decline in groundwater table
In how many of the above rows is the given information correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

Only one row. Row 1 is correctly matched. Intensive irrigation in Punjab is a primary cause of increased soil salinity in the region. Row 2 is incorrectly matched. Over-withdrawals of groundwater in Rajasthan have led to an increased concentration of fluoride, not arsenic. Increased arsenic concentration is a problem observed in parts of West Bengal and Bihar. Row 3 is incorrectly matched. West Bengal is primarily associated with increased arsenic concentration due to groundwater issues. A significant decline in the groundwater table due to over-use is a prominent issue in states like Punjab, Haryana, and western Uttar Pradesh. Therefore, only one row is correctly matched.

Question 9

With reference to water utilisation in India, consider the following statements:
1. The agricultural sector accounts for over 90 percent of both surface and groundwater utilisation.
2. The industrial sector's share in groundwater utilisation is more than double its share in surface water utilisation.
3. The domestic sector's share in surface water utilisation is higher than the industrial sector's share in both surface and groundwater utilisation combined.
How many of the above statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

Only two. Statement 1 is incorrect. The agricultural sector accounts for 89% of surface water utilisation, which is not 'over 90 percent'. It does, however, account for 92% of groundwater utilisation. Statement 2 is correct. The industrial sector's share is 5% of groundwater and 2% of surface water. Five percent is more than double two percent. Statement 3 is correct. The domestic sector's share in surface water is 9%. The industrial sector's combined share is 2% (surface) + 5% (groundwater) = 7%. Nine percent is greater than seven percent. Therefore, only two statements are correct.

Question 10

Consider the following statements:
1. The success of the Green Revolution in Punjab and Haryana is heavily dependent on developed irrigation systems.
2. Crops like rice and sugarcane, which have high water requirements, can be cultivated effectively in these regions due to assured irrigation.
3. In Punjab and Haryana, over 75% of the net irrigated area is serviced by canals from multipurpose projects like Bhakra-Nangal.
How many of the above statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

Only two. Statement 1 is correct. The success of the Green Revolution was contingent upon providing regular moisture to high-yielding crop varieties, a need fulfilled by developed irrigation systems in states like Punjab and Haryana. Statement 2 is correct. Water-intensive crops such as rice and sugarcane require assured irrigation for cultivation, especially in regions with spatio-temporal variability in rainfall. Statement 3 is incorrect. The primary mode of irrigation in these states is not canals. In Punjab, 76.1% of the net irrigated area is serviced by wells and tubewells, and in Haryana, the figure is 51.3%. This indicates a dominance of groundwater-based irrigation, not canal-based irrigation, for the specified percentage. Therefore, only two statements are correct.

Question 11

Consider the following rows regarding water utilisation in India by different sectors:
Row 1: Sector: Agriculture -> Share of Groundwater Utilisation: 92%
Row 2: Sector: Industrial -> Share of Surface Water Utilisation: 5%
Row 3: Sector: Domestic -> Share of Surface Water Utilisation: 9%
In how many of the above rows is the given information correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

Only two rows. Row 1 is correctly matched. The agricultural sector is the largest consumer of groundwater, accounting for 92% of its total utilisation. Row 2 is incorrectly matched. The industrial sector's share of surface water utilisation is 2%, not 5%. The 5% figure corresponds to its share of groundwater utilisation. Row 3 is correctly matched. The domestic sector's consumption accounts for 9% of the total surface water utilisation. Therefore, only two rows (Row 1 and Row 3) are correctly matched.

Question 12

Consider the following rows, which pair a severely polluted river with its associated location as per recent reports. Row 1: Sabarmati - Ahmedabad; Row 2: Gomti - Varanasi; Row 3: Musi - Hyderabad. In how many of the above rows is the given information correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

Only two rows. Statement-by-statement analysis: Row 1 is correctly matched. The text explicitly mentions the Sabarmati river at Ahmedabad as severely polluted. Row 2 is incorrectly matched. The text identifies the Gomti as severely polluted at Lucknow, not Varanasi. The Ganga is mentioned as being polluted at Varanasi. This is a spatial swap. Row 3 is correctly matched. The text lists the Musi of Hyderabad as a severely polluted river. Therefore, only two rows (Row 1 and Row 3) are correctly matched.

Question 13

With reference to water quality and management in India, consider the following statements: 1. The Yamuna river, particularly between Delhi and Etawah, is identified as the most polluted river in the country. 2. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, and the Environment Protection Act, 1986, have been largely successful in controlling pollution from industries located along rivers. 3. In the desert region of Barmer, the Indira Gandhi Canal has been associated with ecological issues such as water-logging. How many of the above statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

Only two. Statement 1 is correct. The stretch of the Yamuna river between Delhi and Etawah is documented as being the most polluted river in the country. Statement 2 is incorrect. The legislative provisions, including the Water Act of 1974 and the Environment Protection Act of 1986, are noted for their ineffective implementation, not for being successful. The continued presence of hundreds of polluting industries along rivers in 1997, years after the acts were passed, underscores this lack of success. Statement 3 is correct. The introduction of the Indira Gandhi Canal into the desert ecosystem of Barmer has resulted in adverse ecological changes, specifically water-logging and increased soil salinity. Therefore, only two statements (1 and 3) are correct.

Question 14

Consider the following pairs, which match a river with a location known for its severe pollution: Row 1: Sabarmati : Ahmedabad; Row 2: Gomti : Varanasi; Row 3: Vaigai : Madurai. In how many of the above rows is the given information correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

Only two rows. Row 1 is correctly matched. The Sabarmati river is identified as being severely polluted at Ahmedabad. Row 2 is incorrectly matched. The Gomti river is severely polluted at Lucknow, not Varanasi. The Ganga is the river noted for severe pollution at Varanasi. Row 3 is correctly matched. The Vaigai river is listed as being severely polluted at Madurai. Since Row 1 and Row 3 are correct, but Row 2 is incorrect, only two rows are correctly matched.

Question 15

Consider the following rows regarding severely polluted rivers and their associated locations as identified by pollution monitoring agencies in India: Row 1: Sabarmati - Ahmedabad; Row 2: Gomti - Lucknow; Row 3: Musi - Hyderabad; Row 4: Ganga - Varanasi. In how many of the above rows is the river and its severely polluted stretch correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

All four rows. All four rows are correctly matched. Row 1 is correct: The Sabarmati river is identified as severely polluted at the stretch near Ahmedabad. Row 2 is correct: The Gomti river's stretch at Lucknow is known for severe pollution. Row 3 is correct: The Musi river, which is associated with Hyderabad, is listed among the severely polluted rivers. Row 4 is correct: The Ganga river is severely polluted at multiple locations, including the stretch at Varanasi. Therefore, all four pairs are correctly matched.

Question 16

Consider the following statements: Statement I: The concentration of pollutants in many Indian rivers is exceptionally high during the summer season. Statement II: The reduced flow of water in rivers during summer months diminishes their capacity to dilute pollutants. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Accepted Answer

Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I.. Statement I is correct. The concentration of pollutants in rivers often peaks during the summer. Statement II is also correct. The summer season is characterized by low water flow in many rivers, which reduces the river's natural dilution capacity. Statement II provides the direct causal reason for the phenomenon described in Statement I, as a lower volume of water cannot effectively dilute the constant influx of pollutants from agricultural, domestic, and industrial sources. Therefore, Statement II is the correct explanation for Statement I.

Question 17

With reference to the technique of Rainwater Harvesting in India, consider the following statements: 1. It is a method used exclusively for recharging groundwater aquifers. 2. It helps in improving groundwater quality by diluting contaminants such as fluoride and nitrates. 3. It is identified as a high-cost but eco-friendly technique for water preservation. How many of the above statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

Only one. Statement 1 is incorrect. The text states that rainwater harvesting is a method to 'capture and store rainwater for various uses' and it is 'also used to recharge groundwater aquifers'. The word 'exclusively' makes the statement false as it has other direct uses besides just recharging aquifers. Statement 2 is correct. The text explicitly mentions that rainwater harvesting 'improves the quality of groundwater through dilution of contaminants like fluoride and nitrates'. Statement 3 is incorrect. The text clearly describes it as a 'low cost and eco-friendly technique'. The term 'high-cost' is a factual distortion. Therefore, only one statement (Statement 2) is correct.

Question 18

Consider the following states regarding the implementation of the Atal Bhujal Yojana (Atal Jal): 1. Gujarat 2. Andhra Pradesh 3. Karnataka 4. Rajasthan. The scheme is being implemented in how many of the above-mentioned states?

Accepted Answer

Only three. The Atal Bhujal Yojana is being implemented in seven states. Statement 1 is correct; Gujarat is one of the selected states. Statement 2 is incorrect; Andhra Pradesh is not part of the scheme, though it has its own 'Neeru-Meeru' program. Statement 3 is correct; Karnataka is one of the selected states. Statement 4 is correct; Rajasthan is one of the selected states. The seven states are Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh. Therefore, only three of the states listed (Gujarat, Karnataka, Rajasthan) are correct.

Question 19

With reference to the watershed development in Ralegan Siddhi, consider the following statements: 1. To boost the village economy, the development model encouraged the cultivation of water-intensive cash crops like sugarcane. 2. The model's success was partly due to socialising project costs through voluntary labour and establishing consensus-based local governance. 3. A key achievement of the model is the complete ecological restoration, marked by flourishing agriculture without the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides. How many of the above statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

Only one. Statement 1 is incorrect. The development model in Ralegan Siddhi explicitly banned the cultivation of water-intensive crops like sugarcane. To conserve water, it promoted crops with low water requirements, such as pulses and oilseeds. Statement 2 is correct. The model's success was significantly based on socialising project costs through voluntary labour, which minimized financial dependence on the government. Furthermore, a system of consensus-based governance was established for local body elections. Statement 3 is incorrect. While agriculture in the village is flourishing, complete ecological restoration has not been achieved. The use of fertilisers and pesticides remains very high, contradicting the claim of farming without chemical inputs. Therefore, only one statement is correct.

Question 20

Consider the following statements regarding watershed development programmes in India: 1. The 'Haryali' project, sponsored by the respective State Governments, is executed by Gram Panchayats to enable rural populations to conserve water. 2. The 'Atal Bhujal Yojana' is implemented across seven states that together account for more than 50 percent of the total number of water-stressed blocks in India. 3. The 'Neeru-Meeru' programme in Andhra Pradesh and the 'Arvary Pani Sansad' in Rajasthan are examples of initiatives that have constructed water-harvesting structures with community participation. How many of the above statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

Only one. Statement 1 is incorrect. The 'Haryali' project is a watershed development project sponsored by the Central Government, not by State Governments, although it is executed by Gram Panchayats. Statement 2 is incorrect. The seven states selected for the 'Atal Bhujal Yojana' account for about 37 per cent of the total number of water-stressed blocks in India, which is not more than 50 percent. Statement 3 is correct. Both the 'Neeru-Meeru' programme in Andhra Pradesh and the 'Arvary Pani Sansad' in Rajasthan successfully utilized people's participation to construct various water-harvesting structures such as percolation tanks and check dams. Therefore, only one statement is correct.

Question 21

Consider the following statements regarding the salient features of the National Water Policy, 2012: 1. The policy advocates treating water as an economic good to promote conservation, but only after meeting pre-emptive needs like safe drinking water and sanitation. 2. It recommends maintaining the existing stipulations for water supply in urban and rural areas to ensure stability. 3. It emphasizes that water resources projects and services should be managed with community participation. How many of the above statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

Only two. Statement 1 is correct. The policy explicitly states that water, 'after meeting the pre-emptive needs for safe drinking water and sanitation...be treated as an economic good'. Statement 2 is incorrect. This is a conceptual reversal. The policy recommends the 'Removal of large disparity in stipulations for water supply in urban areas and in rural areas', which is the opposite of maintaining the existing system. Statement 3 is correct. The policy clearly states that 'Water resources projects and services should be managed with community participation.' Therefore, two statements (1 and 3) are correct.

Question 22

With reference to the proposed activities under Jal Kranti Abhiyan (2015-16), consider the following statements: 1. The Abhiyan proposed the creation of a 'Jal Gram' by selecting one water-stressed village in each of India's 672 districts. 2. The identification of model command areas was planned for states across North, South, West, East, and North-East India. 3. A key component of pollution abatement under the Abhiyan was the construction of Arsenic-free wells in selected areas. How many of the above statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

All three. Statement 1 is correct. The text specifies the 'Selection of one water-stressed village in each of the 672 districts to create a ‘Jal Gram’'. Statement 2 is correct. The text provides examples of states from various regions: UP, Haryana (North), Karnataka, Telangana (South), Rajasthan, Gujarat (West), Odisha (East), and Meghalaya (North-East), confirming a pan-India approach, not a limited one. Statement 3 is correct. Under the 'Abatement of pollution' activity, the text explicitly lists the 'Construction of Arsenic-free wells in selected areas'. Therefore, all three statements are correct.

Question 23

Consider the following river basins:
1. Sabarmati Basin
2. Tapi Basin
3. Mahanadi Basin
4. Godavari Basin

In how many of the above river basins does the Tropic of Cancer pass through?

Accepted Answer

Only two. A geographical analysis of the river basins in relation to the Tropic of Cancer reveals the following:
1. **Sabarmati Basin:** Correct. The Tropic of Cancer passes through the Sabarmati Basin.
2. **Tapi Basin:** Incorrect. The Tropic of Cancer does not cross the Tapi Basin, which lies to its south.
3. **Mahanadi Basin:** Correct. The Tropic of Cancer passes through the Mahanadi Basin.
4. **Godavari Basin:** Incorrect. The Tropic of Cancer does not cross the Godavari Basin, which lies entirely to its south.
Therefore, only two of the listed basins are crossed by the Tropic of Cancer.

Question 24

Consider the following rows regarding river basins and the states they cover:
Row 1: Narmada Basin - Primarily covers Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and a small part of Maharashtra.
Row 2: Tapi Basin - Primarily covers Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Chhattisgarh.
Row 3: Kaveri Basin - Primarily covers Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh.

In how many of the above rows is the information correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

Only one row. An evaluation of the states covered by each river basin reveals the following:
**Row 1 is correctly matched.** The Narmada Basin primarily covers Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat, with a small portion in Maharashtra.
**Row 2 is incorrectly matched.** The Tapi Basin covers Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Gujarat. It does not cover Chhattisgarh.
**Row 3 is incorrectly matched.** The Kaveri Basin covers Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, with smaller areas in Kerala and Puducherry. It does not cover Andhra Pradesh, which is associated with the Krishna and Godavari basins.
Therefore, only one row is correctly matched.

Question 25

Consider the following rows regarding geographical features of river basins in India:
Row 1: Barak Basin - A distinct basin located south of the Brahmaputra Basin, covering parts of Manipur, Mizoram, and Assam.
Row 2: Luni River System - Classified under 'West Flowing Rivers Group 1' and noted for terminating inland.
Row 3: Subarnarekha Basin - Positioned on the east coast between the larger Ganga and Mahanadi basins.

In how many of the above rows is the given information correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

All three rows. Let's evaluate each row for accuracy based on the provided intelligence:
Row 1: Correct. The 'High-Yield Hooks' section explicitly demarcates the Barak Basin as a separate entity south of the Brahmaputra, covering the specified states.
Row 2: Correct. The 'High-Yield Hooks' section identifies the Luni river system as part of 'West Flowing Rivers Group 1' and notes that it terminates inland, confirming its status as a river of inland drainage.
Row 3: Correct. The 'High-Yield Hooks' section precisely positions the Subarnarekha Basin as a separate entity located between the Ganga and Mahanadi basins on India's east coast.
Since all three rows are correctly matched, the correct answer is 'All three rows'.

Question 26

Consider the following statements regarding the Ganga river system based on the provided map analysis:
1. The water quality in the upper Himalayan reaches of the Ganga is designated as 'Good Quality Water'.
2. A zone of 'Poor Quality Water' is identified on the Ganga river upstream of its confluence with the Yamuna at Prayagraj.
3. Varanasi is located on the Ganga river upstream from the confluence at Prayagraj.

How many of the above statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

Only two. Let's analyze each statement based on the map's details:
Statement 1: Correct. The 'High-Yield Hooks' explicitly mention that 'Good Quality Water here' is marked in the upper Himalayan reaches of the Ganga.
Statement 2: Correct. The analysis notes a zone of 'Poor Quality Water' on the Ganga river in the stretch that includes Kanpur, which is located upstream of the Ganga-Yamuna confluence at Prayagraj.
Statement 3: Incorrect. This is a 'Spatial Swap' trap. The text explicitly states, 'Varanasi is located downstream from the Ganga-Yamuna confluence at Prayagraj.'
Therefore, only two statements (1 and 2) are correct.

Question 27

Consider the following rows which match a rainwater harvesting method with its key components or purpose. Row 1: Harvesting through lakes (Eris) - Runoff from a catchment is collected in a large, excavated lake to serve a nearby settlement. Row 2: Harvesting through Service Wells - Rooftop water is channeled into a well to replenish groundwater aquifers. Row 3: Harvesting through Recharge Wells - Rooftop water is passed through a 'Brick Filter' for direct household use. Row 4: Watershed Management - 'Stone Walls' and 'Check Dams' are used to slow water flow and increase infiltration. In how many of the above rows is the given information correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

Only two rows. Statement-by-statement analysis: Row 1 is correctly matched. The description accurately portrays the 'Eris' system as a community-level water body collecting catchment runoff for a settlement. Row 2 is incorrectly matched. This describes the purpose of a 'Recharge Well', not a 'Service Well'. A Service Well is for direct use after filtration. Row 3 is incorrectly matched. This swaps both the components and purpose. A 'Recharge Well' is for replenishing groundwater, typically using a 'Sand Filter', while a 'Service Well' uses a 'Brick Filter' for direct use. Row 4 is correctly matched. The use of 'Stone Walls' and 'Check Dams' to slow flow and increase storage/infiltration is the core mechanism of the described watershed management technique. Therefore, only two rows (1 and 4) are correctly matched.

Question 28

With reference to the described rainwater harvesting techniques, consider the following statements: 1. Filtration, using either brick or sand, is depicted as an essential intermediate step in all illustrated rooftop harvesting systems before water is stored or recharged. 2. A 'Recharge Well' is functionally designed for the direct extraction of water for immediate use, whereas a 'Service Well' is designed for groundwater injection. 3. The 'Eris' system represents a large-scale, community-level water harvesting method, contrasting with the smaller, household-level rooftop systems. How many of the above statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

Only two. Statement 1 is correct. The text specifies a 'Brick Filter' for the 'Service Well' system and a 'Sand Filter' for the 'Recharge Well' system. Both are rooftop harvesting methods, and filtration is shown as a key step in both. Statement 2 is incorrect. This statement reverses the functions of the two types of wells, a classic 'Terminology & Origin Swap' trap. A 'Service Well' is for direct use (extraction), while a 'Recharge Well' is for groundwater injection (recharge). Statement 3 is correct. The 'Comparative Traits' analysis explicitly contrasts the large-scale, community-level 'Eris' method with the smaller-scale, household-level rooftop harvesting methods. Thus, only two statements (1 and 3) are correct.

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